Skip to main content

Official Journal of the Italian Society of Orthopaedics and Traumatology

  • Systematic Review
  • Open access
  • Published:

Failed Latarjet procedure: a systematic review of surgery revision options

Abstract

Background

Revision surgery after the Latarjet procedure is a rare and challenging surgical problem, and various bony or capsular procedures have been proposed. This systematic review examines clinical and radiographic outcomes of different procedures for treating persistent pain or recurrent instability after a Latarjet procedure.

Methods

A systematic review of the literature was performed using the Medline, Cochrane, EMBASE, Google Scholar and Ovid databases with the combined keywords “failed”, “failure”, “revision”, “Latarjet”, “shoulder stabilization” and “shoulder instability” to identify articles published in English that deal with failed Latarjet procedures.

Results

A total of 11 studies (five retrospective and six case series investigations), all published between 2008 and 2020, fulfilled our inclusion criteria. For the study, 253 patients (254 shoulders, 79.8% male) with a mean age of 29.6 years (range: 16–54 years) were reviewed at an average follow-up of 51.5 months (range: 24–208 months).

Conclusions

Eden–Hybinette and arthroscopic capsuloplasty are the most popular and safe procedures to treat recurrent instability after a failed Latarjet procedure, and yield reasonable clinical outcomes. A bone graft procedure and capsuloplasty were proposed but there was no clear consensus on their efficacy and indication.

Level of evidence

Level IV

Trial registration PROSPERO 2020 CRD42020185090—www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/

Introduction

The Latarjet procedure is usually recommended for patients with both anterior shoulder instability and bony defects [1]. However, in patients with high functional demands due to their participation in contact sports, coracoid transfer can serve as the treatment of choice when there is no bony defect (71–93% of patients return to their sports following coracoid transfer, as compared to 50–56% who return when treated nonoperatively) [2,3,4,5].

Although the Latarjet procedure is a safe and effective technique for managing anterior instability, rates of recurrence have been reported to be between 7.5 and 11.6% [6, 7]. Moreover, earlier studies demonstrated considerable reoperation rates of 14%, with a high prevalence in the first postoperative year (73%) [8].

Latarjet is a technically demanding procedure, and technical mistakes—whether associated with biological factors or not—can contribute to the risk of failure. An incorrect initial diagnosis, bone block or hardware malpositioning, misdiagnosis of associate lesions (e.g. a Hill–Sachs lesion, posterior capsular labral lesion, SLAP lesion, etc.), bone graft lysis (Fig. 1), nonunion with coracoid migration, an overly accelerated and incorrect rehabilitation regime, subjective laxity and new trauma are reported to be risk factors for instability recurrence or persistent pain [9, 10].

Fig. 1
figure 1

Graft lysis and partial dislocation

Recurrent anterior shoulder instability or persistent pain after the Latarjet procedure remains a surgical challenge; however, it can be successfully treated with all-arthroscopic or open procedures [11].

The purpose of this systematic review was to evaluate clinical and radiographic outcomes, the rate of failure due to recurrence or loss of stability, complications (including osteoarthritis following screw impingement, loosening or breakage) and the rate of return to sport in patients who undergo revision surgery after a failed Latarjet procedure.

Methods

Data search protocol

A systematic review of the existing literature was performed to identify all studies dealing with a failed Latarjet procedure. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were followed for article identification [12]. The search algorithm, derived from the PRISMA guidelines, is shown in Fig. 2. The research was performed using the MEDLINE, Scopus, CINAHL, Embase and Cochrane databases up to December 2020. The review was registered on the PROSPERO database (CRD42020185090). The leading search items were “failed” OR “failure” OR “revision” AND “Latarjet” OR “shoulder stabilization” OR “shoulder instability”. The complete search strategy is shown in Table 1. Additionally, the reference lists of the selected articles were screened for further relevant publications.

Fig. 2
figure 2

PRISMA flow chart

Table 1 Inclusion and exclusion criteria

Study selection and eligibility criteria

We conducted a systematic review of all Level I–IV studies published in English from January 1990 to December 2020 (according to the 2011 Oxford Levels of Evidence) [13]. The articles were analysed regardless of their title and abstract by two independent investigators (M.B. and R.D.). If a disagreement arose, the two investigators conducted a discussion until they reached a consensus. Articles reporting clinical and/or radiological outcome data in patients surgically treated for failure of the Latarjet procedure were included; case series with less than five cases, case reports, editorials, systematic reviews and meta-analyses were excluded.

Data extraction, synthesis and analysis

The reviewers analysed all the information available from the articles (data, type of study, level of evidence, demographic data, diagnosis, type of surgical procedure, follow-up duration, outcomes and complications) and entered it into a spreadsheet for analysis.

Assessment of the quality of the article

Studies were evaluated for methodological research quality using the Modified Coleman Methodology Score (MCMS) criteria [14]. Each study was assessed to give a total score ranging from 0 to 100 points. A score of 100 indicates that the study largely avoids chance, various biases and confounding factors. The final score was defined as excellent if it was between 85 and 100 points, good if it was between 70 and 84 points, fair if it was between 50 to 69 points and poor if it was < 50 points. Results are reported in Table 2.

Table 2 Coleman score results

Results

Literature review

During the first electronic search, we identified 2845 relevant publications. After the application of the inclusion criteria, 57 studies remained. Of these, 46 studies were excluded because they were case reports, technical notes or did not meet the inclusion criteria. Eleven studies ultimately met the inclusion criteria, five were retrospective [15,16,17,18,19], and six were case series [20,21,22,23,24,25].

Demographics

The total number of patients was 253 (254 shoulders, range: 7–46), with 202 males (79.8%, range: 59–100%). The mean age was 29.6 years (range: 16–54), with an average follow-up of 51.5 months (range: 24–208). The mean time from initial surgery to recurrence episode was 32.9 months (range: 1–318 months), while the mean time from initial surgery to revision surgery was 49.2 months (range: 2–336 months). Demographic data are reported in Table 3.

Table 3 Demographic data

Indications

Indications for the revision of a Latarjet procedure were persistent pain or recurrent anterior instability, defined as at least one episode of dislocation or subluxation and a minimum follow-up of 24 months.

Humeral or glenoid bone defects were not considered a cut-off criterion to exclude patients, except in the study reported by Cuellar et al., who excluded patients with glenoid bone defects > 25% [24].

Surgical technique

Different surgical techniques were reported in the articles selected for this review and were performed according to the surgeon’s preferences and experience. Arthroscopic Eden–Hybinette was performed in two studies (19 patients, 7.4%) [20, 23] and open Eden-Hybinette in four studies (108 patients, 42%) [15, 17, 19, 21]. A tricortical graft was harvested from the ipsilateral side and was fixed with titanium screws. A one or two suture-button device was used to fix the graft in only one study [20].

Open stabilization with fresh distal tibial allograft (fixed in place with two 4.0-mm, fully threaded, noncannulated bicortical interference screws) was performed in one study (31 patients, 12.1%) [22]. Arthroscopic capsuloplasty was performed in five studies (97 patients, 38.1%) [16, 18, 21, 24, 25].

Different associated procedures were performed during the revision surgery; they are summarized in Table 3.

Surgical treatments associated with a primary bone block procedure

A total of 139 associated procedures were performed during the index revision surgery. Capsuloplasties associated with bone block fixation were performed in 75 patients [15, 18, 19, 25], a biceps tenodesis was performed in five patients [16], a biceps tenotomy in one patient [18], a glenoidoplasty in 10 patients [15, 16], Hill–Sachs remplissage with bone block fixation in three patients [20], Hill–Sachs remplissage during a capsuloplasty in 19 patients [16], brachial plexus release in four patients [23], posterior labrum and/or capsular repair in three patients [24], SLAP lesion repair in four patients [18, 25], rotator cuff repair in six patients [18, 19], conjoint tendon suture in five patients [19] and rotator interval closure in four patients [18]. Surgical techniques associated with bone block fixation are described in Table 3.

Clinical and functional outcomes

All clinical scores improved after surgery. Clinical outcomes were assessed using the Constant and Murley Score (CS) before and after surgery in three studies [20, 24, 25], the Walch–Duplay score in seven studies [15,16,17,18,19,20, 23], the Rowe score in eight studies [15, 16, 18,19,20, 23,24,25], the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons Shoulder Score (ASES) in two studies [22, 25], the Single Assessment Numeric Evaluation (SANE) in one study [22], the University of California, Los Angeles Shoulder Score (UCLA) in two studies [18, 25], Western Ontario Shoulder Instability index (WOSI) in three studies [17, 22, 23], the Subjective Shoulder Value (SSV) in two studies [16, 20], the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) for pain in four studies [16, 18, 24, 25] and ROM evaluation in six studies [16, 18, 19, 22,23,24]. Details from the included articles are provided in Table 4.

Table 4 Clinical results

Cause of failure and preoperative imaging evaluation

A trauma after the index procedure was the trigger for instability in 60 patients [15, 16, 18, 19, 23, 25]. Minor or moderate trauma was the cause of recurrent instability in 15 patients [15, 25]. An epileptic seizure relapse was reported in only one case [19].

Preoperative imaging evaluation showed 42 cases of graft nonunion [16,17,18, 20, 23, 24], 45 cases of graft/hardware malpositioning [16,17,18,19,20, 23], 17 cases of graft fracture [15, 17, 18], 61 cases of complete graft lysis [15,16,17,18,19, 22, 24], 18 cases of partial graft lysis [15, 20], three cases of screw loosening [20], eight cases with a broken screw [20, 24], 17 cases with a Hill-Sachs lesion [18] and two cases of malunited glenoid fracture [18].

Samilson and Prieto grade 1–2 osteoarthritis was diagnosed in 39 patients [15,16,17,18,19, 23,24,25], while Samilson and Prieto grade 3–4 osteoarthritis was diagnosed in 14 patients [17, 19, 23, 24]. Only one study did not report preoperative imaging [21].

Immobilization and rehabilitation

The authors suggested the use of a neutral shoulder sling for 2 weeks in one study [20], for 3 weeks in three studies [15, 21, 23], for 4 weeks in three studies [15, 16, 25] and for 6 weeks in one study, and there were no substantial differences in outcome between capsuloplasty and the Eden–Hybinette procedure [15]. Boileau et al. [18] suggested that internal rotation immobilization should be implemented for 4 weeks and pendulum exercises from the first postoperative day. Most authors encouraged immediate passive ROM exercises of the elbow and wrist and early passive pendular exercises to reduce inflammation and prevent shoulder stiffness. In most cases, active-assisted exercises were started after 3 weeks and strengthening exercises were introduced at 6 weeks. The patient was allowed to return to sport after 3–6 months. Four studies did not report a postoperative protocol [17, 19, 22, 24]. The rehabilitation protocols are summarized in Table 4.

Postoperative imaging evaluation

Postoperative imaging was evaluated in eight studies (208 patients) [15,16,17,18,19,20, 22, 23]. Of the 156 patients treated with bone grafting, nonunion was observed in 10 patients [15, 23], graft lysis in 21 patients (complete lysis in three and partial lysis in 18 shoulders) [15, 19, 22], and partial graft healing was seen in three patients [22].

Glenohumeral osteoarthritis progression was observed in 76 (36.5%) patients an average of 51.7 months after the revision procedure (Samilson–Prieto stage 1–2 in 33 (15.9%) patients and stage 3–4 in 43 (20.7%) patients) [15,16,17,18,19,20, 23].

Return to sports

One hundred and ninety-four patients practised sporting activities before their injuries. After revision surgery, 99 (51%) returned to their preinjury level [15,16,17,18,19, 21, 23, 25] while 25 (6.5%) patients returned to a lower level [15, 19, 21, 23]. Seven patients in one study had to change their sporting activities [15].

Recurrence, complications and reoperations

The overall rate of recurrence and complication was 17.3% (44/254 patients), and included 22 cases of recurrence (8.6%) [15,16,17, 19, 21, 25], one ulnar nerve impingement related to the immobilization (0.3%) [15], three Cutibacterium acnes infections (1.2%) [15, 19, 21], one bone block fracture revised by a second Eden–Hybinette procedure (0.3%) [15], eight cases of hypoesthesia in the skin area of the iliac crest where harvesting was performed (3.1%) [19, 20], one transient ilioinguinal nerve injury (0.3%) [21], one case of infected graft fracture and screw loosening (0.3%) [21], four arthroscopic hardware removals due to possible impingement with the humeral head (1.5%) [23], one persistent brachial plexus neuropathy (0.3%) [23], one screw breakage (0.3%) [23] and one case of sympathetic dystrophy (0.3%) [18].

Quality assessment

The mean value of the Coleman score was 51 points (range: 32–69), showing that the mean quality of the included studies was fair (Table 2). Inter-rater agreement failed to show a significant difference in Coleman score mean values.

Discussion

The most important finding from our study was that Eden–Hybinette (with an iliac bone graft or a distal fresh allograft) and capsuloplasty are the most popular and safe procedures to treat recurrent instability after a failed Latarjet procedure, with good to excellent clinical outcomes and satisfaction rates reported (ranging between 67 and 89%). However, we found that the studies we analysed lacked a common consensus regarding when to choose a bone block procedure or capsuloplasty, which may be due to differences in the skills and experience levels of the surgeons in the various studies. Nevertheless, the Eden–Hybinette procedure is preferred by most authors when the failure is due to complications of the coracoid graft.

Although the Latarjet procedure is an effective surgical technique to treat recurrent anterior shoulder instability whether or not glenoid bone deficiency is present, substantial complications are reported to occur in 30% of cases [8].

We found that revision procedures had similar (relatively low) rates of major postoperative complications to index Latarjet procedures. Overall, in our analysis, the recurrence rate of instability was 8.6%. Hurley et al. reported similar results with a recurrent instability rate of 8.5% in 822 patients treated with Latarjet procedure (3.2% of patients with recurrent dislocations) [26].

Hurley et al. reported a high overall rate of return to play after the Latarjet procedure (88.8% of patients returned to play, with 72.6% returning to the same level of play) [27]. However, almost one-fifth of athletes were not able to return to the same level. Our rates were lower: 99 (51%) out of 194 patients who performed a sporting activity returned to the same level, while 25 (6.5%) patients returned to a lower level.

In the literature, the rate of new signs or progression of radiographic arthritis was described as being between 28 and 38.2% of patients treated with primary open Latarjet [26, 28]. These data are in line with those for the patients analysed in our study. At a mean follow-up of 51.7 months following the revision surgery, we found a relatively similar incidence of glenohumeral osteoarthritis progression (76 patients among the 208 analyzed; 20.7% with Samilson–Prieto stage 3–4 osteoarthritis).

Keeping in mind that recurrent instability after the Latarjet procedure usually occurs within the first few postoperative years (73%), the most frequent causes are technical mistakes or biological factors [8].

In our analysis, 10 studies reported preoperative imaging. Latarjet revision was due to nonunion or complete graft lysis in 42 (17.6%) and 61 (25.6%) patients, respectively, while graft malpositioning was found in 45 (18.9%) patients.

Although the ipsilateral iliac crest remains the leading autograft donor site, different allograft donor sites have been proposed, such as the femoral head, the humeral head, the glenoid and the distal tibia [29]. These techniques reduce the risk of discomfort or hypoesthesia at the harvest site on the iliac crest and reduce surgical time, albeit at the expense of higher costs and a lack of availability [30].

Provencer et al. suggest using fresh distal tibia augmentation as a viable and highly effective bone graft to restore the glenoid area [22]. The distal tibia has a similar radius of curvature and similar articular cartilage to the glenoid, so it is used as an allograft in settings where the Latarjet procedure is not optimal, including cases in which more than 30% of the glenoid width has been lost, and in cases where the coracoid is absent owing to prior surgery or trauma [31].

Most of the grafts were open procedures. The arthroscopic technique could offer the opportunity to be more precise and increase the accuracy of graft positioning, even though its superiority has not yet been demonstrated [32, 33]. In addition, the arthroscopic approach provides the ability to explore the brachial plexus in the setting of a revision procedure, thus reducing the risk of neurological damage through improved visualization during the bone grafting procedure [16, 23].

Associated lesions such as a posterior or anterior capsule-labral lesion, a SLAP lesion, long head of biceps pathologies, an engaging Hill–Sachs lesion or a rotator cuff tear can provoke recurrent instability or persistent pain if they are not correctly repaired [34].

On the other hand, disadvantages of the arthroscopic bone grafting procedure are a considerable learning curve, higher costs and a longer average surgical time [35].

Cadaveric studies have reported contrasting results regarding whether capsular repair significantly increases the stabilizing effect of the Latarjet procedure [36,37,38]. Suturing the capsule to the coracoacromial ligament seems to have a protective effect (23% of the resistance) on the translational forces in the end-range arm position against anterior subluxation or dislocation of the humeral head [36]. For this reason, beyond its capacity to repair a misdiagnosed or untreated associated lesion and address the graft or hardware positioning of the index procedure, the application of arthroscopic capsuloplasty to treat a failed Latarjet procedure can be beneficial for subjects who complain of instability at the end-range arm position [34]. On the other hand, arthroscopic capsular repair is not recommended in patients with severe glenoid bone loss [16].

Finally, factors such as the age of the athlete, their participation in a contact sport, the presence of a concomitant Hill–Sachs lesion, the number of dislocations and the number of operations that the patient has undergone must be taken into consideration before performing revision with capsular stabilization [39, 40].

Limitations

Limitations of the present systematic review are mainly related to the low quality and quantity of the studies available in the literature; all the studies included in this work were Level IV case series. Moreover, most of the studies did not specify their inclusion criteria regarding bone loss on the glenoid and humeral sides. In our opinion, such criteria are important for setting the correct indication for a bone block stabilization or capsuloplasty. In addition, the recurrence and complication rates may depend on the type of technique used and the skills and experience of the surgeon performing the surgery.

Conclusions

Eden–Hybinette with an iliac bone graft and capsuloplasty are the most popular and safe procedures to treat recurrent instability after a failed Latarjet procedure; they are reported to produce reasonable clinical outcomes and satisfaction. However, the proportion of patients who return to sporting activity is lower when compared to the index procedure.

There is no clear consensus among surgeons regarding when a bone graft or capsuloplasty should be performed. When conservative treatment fails, it is crucial to identify all possible causes of failure before deciding upon the correct surgical revision.

Generally, graft failure was treated with graft substitution through either an open or arthroscopic Eden–Hybinette procedure; on the other hand, when the graft was well positioned, arthroscopic capsuloplasty was preferred. Further comparative studies are needed to clarify the potentially promising superiority of and the correct indication for one technique compared to the others, especially when recurrent anterior instability persists in patients who do not suffer complications from a well-positioned graft.

Availability of data and materials

All data and materials can be retrieved from the references and articles included in the systematic review.

References

  1. Provencher MT, Bhatia S, Ghodadra NS et al (2010) Recurrent shoulder instability: current concepts for evaluation and management of glenoid bone loss. J Bone Joint Surg Am 92:133–151

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Longo UG, Loppini M, Rizzello G, Ciuffreda M, Maffulli N, Denaro V (2014) Management of primary acute anterior shoulder dislocation: systematic review and quantitative synthesis of the literature. Arthroscopy 30:506–522

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Blonna D, Bellato E, Caranzano F, Assom M, Rossi R, Castoldi F (2016) Arthroscopic Bankart repair versus open Bristow-Latarjet for shoulder instability: a matched-pair multicenter study focused on return to sport. Am J Sports Med 44:3198–3205

  4. Hovelius L, Vikerfors O, Olofsson A, Svensson O, Rahme H (2011) Bristow-Latarjet and Bankart: a comparative study of shoulder stabilization in 185 shoulders during a seventeen-year follow-up. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 20:1095–1101

  5. Neyton L, Young A, Dawidziak B et al (2012) Surgical treatment of anterior instability in rugby union players: clinical and radiographic results of the Latarjet-Patte procedure with minimum 5-year follow-up. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 21:1721–1727

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Longo UG, Loppini M, Rizzello G, Ciuffreda M, Maffulli N, Denaro V (2014) Latarjet, Bristow, and Eden-Hybinette procedures for anterior shoulder dislocation: systematic review and quantitative synthesis of the literature. Arthroscopy 30:1184–1211

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. An VV, Sivakumar BS, Phan K, Trantalis J (2016) A systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical and patient-reported outcomes following two procedures for recurrent traumatic anterior instability of the shoulder: Latarjet procedure vs. Bankart repair. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 25:853–863

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Griesser MJ, Harris JD, McCoy BW et al (2013) Complications and re-operations after Bristow-Latarjet shoulder stabilization: a systematic review. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 22:286–292

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Butt U, Charalambous CP (2012) Complications associated with open coracoid transfer procedures for shoulder instability. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 21:1110–1119

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Hovelius L, Sandstrom B, Olofsson A, Svensson O, Rahme H (2012) The effect of capsular repair, bone block healing, and position on the results of the Bristow-Latarjet procedure (study III): long-term follow-up in 319 shoulders. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 21:647–660

  11. Bedeir YH, Schumaier AP, Grawe BM (2018) The failed Latarjet procedure: evaluation, treatment, and outcomes. JBJS Rev. 6:e10

  12. Moher D, Shamseer L, Clarke M et al (2015) Preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis protocols (PRISMA-P) 2015 statement. Syst Rev 4:1

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Marx RG, Wilson SM, Swiontkowski MF (2015) Updating the assignment of levels of evidence. J Bone Joint Surg Am 97:1–2

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Coleman BD, Khan KM, Maffulli N, Cook JL, Wark JD (2000) Studies of surgical outcome after patellar tendinopathy: clinical significance of methodological deficiencies and guidelines for future studies. Victorian Institute of Sport Tendon Study Group. Scand J Med Sci Sports 10:2–11

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Flurin PH, Antoni M, Metais P, Aswad R, SoFec (2020) Revision of failed Latarjet with the Eden-Hybinette surgical technique. Orthop Traumatol Surg Res 106:223–227

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Lavoue V, Gendre P, Saliken D, Brassac A, Boileau P (2019) The role of arthroscopic soft tissue reconstruction for failed Bristow-Latarjet procedure. Arthroscopy 35:2581–2588

  17. Willemot L, De Boey S, Van Tongel A, Declercq G, De Wilde L, Verborgt O (2019) Analysis of failures after the Bristow-Latarjet procedure for recurrent shoulder instability. Int Orthop 43:1899–1907

  18. Boileau P, Richou J, Lisai A, Chuinard C, Bicknell RT (2009) The role of arthroscopy in revision of failed open anterior stabilization of the shoulder. Arthroscopy 25:1075–1084

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Lunn JV, Castellano-Rosa J, Walch G (2008) Recurrent anterior dislocation after the Latarjet procedure: outcome after revision using a modified Eden-Hybinette operation. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 17:744–750

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Boileau P, Duysens C, Saliken D, Lemmex DB, Bonnevialle N (2019) All-arthroscopic, guided Eden-Hybbinette procedure using suture-button fixation for revision of failed Latarjet. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 28:e377–e388

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Khan U, Torrance E, Hussain M, Funk L (2020) Failed Latarjet surgery: why, how, and what next? JSES Int 4:68–71

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Provencher MT, Peebles LA, Aman ZS et al (2019) Management of the failed Latarjet procedure: outcomes of revision surgery with fresh distal tibial allograft. Am J Sports Med 47:2795–2802

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Giannakos A, Vezeridis PS, Schwartz DG, Jany R, Lafosse L (2017) All-arthroscopic revision Eden-Hybinette procedure for failed instability surgery: technique and preliminary results. Arthroscopy 33:39–48

  24. Cuellar A, Cuellar R, de Heredia PB (2017) Arthroscopic revision surgery for failure of open Latarjet technique. Arthroscopy 33:910–917

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Castagna A, Garofalo R, Melito G, Markopoulos N, De Giorgi S (2010) The role of arthroscopy in the revision of failed Latarjet procedures. Musculoskelet Surg 94:S47-55

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Hurley ET, Jamal MS, Ali ZS, Montgomery C, Pauzenberger L, Mullett H (2019) Long-term outcomes of the Latarjet procedure for anterior shoulder instability: a systematic review of studies at 10-year follow-up. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 28:e33–e39

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Hurley ET, Montgomery C, Jamal MS et al (2019) Return to play after the Latarjet procedure for anterior shoulder instability: a systematic review. Am J Sports Med 47:3002–3008

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Gilat R, Lavoie-Gagne O, Haunschild ED, Knapik DM, Parvaresh KC, Fu MC, Forsythe B, Verma N, Cole BJ (2020) Outcomes of the Latarjet procedure with minimum 5- and 10-year follow-up: a systematic review. Shoulder Elbow 12:315–329

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Weng PW, Shen HC, Lee HH, Wu SS, Lee CH (2009) Open reconstruction of large bony glenoid erosion with allogeneic bone graft for recurrent anterior shoulder dislocation. Am J Sports Med 37:1792–1797

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. Villatte G, Spurr S, Broden C, Martins A, Emery R, Reilly P (2018) The Eden-Hybbinette procedure is one hundred years old! A historical view of the concept and its evolutions. Int Orthop 42:2491–2495

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. Rabinowitz J, Friedman R, Eichinger JK (2017) Management of glenoid bone loss with anterior shoulder instability: indications and outcomes. Curr Rev Musculoskelet Med 10:452–462

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. Horner NS, Moroz PA, Bhullar R et al (2018) Open versus arthroscopic Latarjet procedures for the treatment of shoulder instability: a systematic review of comparative studies. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 19:255

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. Lafosse L, Boyle S, Gutierrez-Aramberri M, Shah A, Meller R (2010) Arthroscopic latarjet procedure. Orthop Clin North Am 41:393–405

    Article  Google Scholar 

  34. Arrigoni P, Huberty D, Brady PC, Weber IC, Burkhart SS (2008) The value of arthroscopy before an open modified Latarjet reconstruction. Arthroscopy 24:514–519

  35. Kordasiewicz B, Kicinski M, Malachowski K, Boszczyk A, Chaberek S, Pomianowski S (2019) Arthroscopic Latarjet stabilization: analysis of the learning curve in the first 90 primary cases: early clinical results and computed tomography evaluation. Arthroscopy 35:3221–3237

    Article  Google Scholar 

  36. Yamamoto N, Muraki T, An KN et al (2013) The stabilizing mechanism of the Latarjet procedure: a cadaveric study. J Bone Joint Surg Am 95:1390–1397

    Article  Google Scholar 

  37. Kleiner MT, Payne WB, McGarry MH, Tibone JE, Lee TQ (2016) Biomechanical comparison of the Latarjet procedure with and without capsular repair. Clin Orthop Surg 8:84–91

    Article  Google Scholar 

  38. Itoigawa Y, Hooke AW, Sperling JW, Steinmann SP, Zhao KD, Yamamoto N, Itoi E, An KN (2016) Repairing the capsule to the transferred coracoid preserves external rotation in the modified Latarjet procedure. J Bone Joint Surg Am 98:1484–1489

    Article  Google Scholar 

  39. Gwathmey FW Jr, Warner JJ (2013) Management of the athlete with a failed shoulder instability procedure. Clin Sports Med 32:833–863

    Article  Google Scholar 

  40. Schroder DT, Provencher MT, Mologne TS, Muldoon MP, Cox JS (2006) The modified Bristow procedure for anterior shoulder instability: 26-year outcomes in Naval Academy midshipmen. Am J Sports Med 34:778–786

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

None.

Funding

None.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Consortia

Contributions

All authors contributed equally to researching the data, analyzing articles, writing the paper and reviewing the final version of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Riccardo D’Ambrosi.

Ethics declarations

Ethics approval and consent to participate

This article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors.

Consent for publication

All authors have read and approved the submission of the manuscript; furthermore, consent from human participants was not necessary due to the nature of the article.

Competing interests

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Buda, M., D’Ambrosi, R., Bellato, E. et al. Failed Latarjet procedure: a systematic review of surgery revision options. J Orthop Traumatol 22, 24 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1186/s10195-021-00587-7

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s10195-021-00587-7

Keywords