Official Journal of the Italian Society of Orthopaedics and Traumatology
Table 4 Complications and reoperations for the included studies
Study | Complications, N (%) | Nonunion, N (%) | Delayed union, N (%) | Infection, N (%) | Synostosis, N (%) | Others | Implant removal, N (%) | Non-routine reinterventions, N (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Weißer 2003 [29] | 4 (20%) | 0 | 2 (6.3%) | 0 | 1 complete 1 incomplete | 0 | 13 (40.6%) | 1 (3%) implant removal and resection of synostosis |
Gao 2005 [24] | 7 (22%) | 0 | 0 | 4 (12.5%) sup | 1 | 2 screw loosening | 0 | 0 |
Weckbach 2006 [25] | 6 (19%) | 1 (3%) | 2 (6%) | 0 | 2 (6%) | 1 fracture distraction | 19 (59%) (routine) | 2 synostosis resection 1 nonunion revision |
Visńa 2008 [30] | 15 (19%) | 0 | 4 (6%) | 1 (1.2%) sup | 3 incomplete | 1 compartment synd 6 distal screw migration (7.2%) | 27 (35%) (routine) | 1 fasciotomy |
Lee 2008 [6] | 2 (7.4%) | 1 (3.5%) | 0 | 1 (3.5%) sup | 0 | 0 | 5 (13%) (routine) | 0 |
Ozkaya 2009 [31] | ORIF: 3 (13%) IMN: 2 (10%) | 0 | 0 | ORIF: 3 (13%) sup | 0 | 0 | ORIF: 12 (54.5%) (routine) IMN: 7 (35%) | 0 |
Bansal 2011 [32] | 2 (16%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (8.3%) | 1 (8.3%) sup | 0 | 0 | 3 (25%) | 0 |
Behnke 2012 [12] | ORIF: 6 (10%) IMN: 4 (7%) | ORIF: 1 (1.7%) IMN: 1 (1.7%) | 0 | 0 | ORIF: 1 (1.7%) | ORIF: 1 CRPS, 2 RNP, 1 refracture IMN: 2 EPL rupture, 1 RNP | 0 | ORIF: 1 nonunion revision IMN: 1 nonunion revision 1 EPL rupture reconstruction |
Lil 2012 [33] | 7 (21%) | 3 (9%) | 0 | 2 (6%) sup | 1 | 1 olecranon bursitis | 0 | 3 revision nonunion |
Saka 2013 [34] | 3 (16.6%) | 0 | 1 (5.5%) | 2 (11%) Sup | 0 | 0 | 1 (5.5%) | 1 (5%) revision nonunion |
Lee 2014 [15] | ORIF:1(3.1%) IMN: 3 (8.6%) | IMN: 1 (2.9%) | IMN: 2 (5.7%) | ORIF: 1 (3.1%) sup | 0 | 0 | IMN: 1 (2.9%) | IMN: 1 (2.9%) revision nonunion |
Saka 2014 [35] | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Saka 2014 [26] | 2 (4.6%) | 0 | 0 | 2 (4.6%) sup | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Köse 2014 [36] | 1 (5.7%) | 0 | 0 | o | 1 (5.7%) EPL rupture | 0 | 1 EPL reconstruction | |
Kim 2015 [13] | ORIF: 1 (3%) Hybrid: 2(12%) | ORIF: 1 (3%) Hybrid: 2 (12%) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ORIF: 1 Hybrid: 2 | ORIF: 1 (3%) revision nonunion Hybrid: 2 (12%) revision nonunion |
Zhang 2016 [10] | ORIF: 6 (28%) IMN: 6 (27%) Hybrid: 5 (25%) | ORIF 3 (14.3%) | 0 | ORIF: 3 (3.4%) Hybrid: 1 (4.3%) | 0 | IMN: 6 (27%) 3 malunion (13.6%) 3 nerve palsy (13.6%) Hybrid: 4 (19%) 2 malunion (9.5%) 2 nerve palsy (9.5%) | 0 | 0 |
Al-Sadek 2016 [37] | ORIF: 1 (4.3%) IMN: 5 (22.7%) | IMN 2 (9%) | IMN: 2 (9%) | ORIF: 1 (4.3%) sup | 0 | IMN: 1 (4.5%) malunion | 0 | 2 revision nonunion |
Köse 2016 [38] | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Babu 2017 [39] | 24 (35%) | 0 | 8 (12%) Sup | 8 (12%) | 0 | 3 (6%) nail migration | 0 | 0 |
Kose 2017 [17] | IMN: 2 (2%) ORIF: 3 (3%) | IMN: 0 ORIF: 1 | 0 | IMN: 1 sup ORIF: 2 sup | 0 | IMN: 1 (1%) EPL rupture | IMN: 4 (4%) routine Plate 4 (4%) routine | ORIF: 1 revision nonunion IMN: 1 EPL reconstruction |
Azboy 2017 [20] | IMN: 8 (25%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (3.1%) | 2 (6.3%) Sup | 1 (3.1%) | 0 | 4 (12.5%) | 1 (3.1%) synostosis excision |
Yörükoğlu 2017 [28] | IMN: 11 (47%) | 3 (13.1) | 0 | 0 | 2 (8.6%) | EPL rupture 6 (26.8) | 0 | 0 |
Kibar 2019 [16] | ORIF: 4 (13.3%) | ORIF: 1 (3.33%) | 0 | ORIF: 2 (6.7%) sup | 0 | 0 | ORIF: 1 (3.3%) | ORIF: 1 revision nonunion |
Lee 2019 [40] | ORIF: 2 (4.9%) IMN: 3 (10.7%) | IMN: 1 (3.6%) | IMN: 2 (7.1%) | ORIF: 1 (2.4%) sup | 0 | 0 | ORIF: 1 (2.4%) | ORIF: 1 (2.4%) refracture IMN: 1 (3.6%) nonunion |
Kibar 2020 [14] | ORIF: 5 (22.7%) | ORIF: 1 (4.5%) | 0 | ORIF: 2 (9%) Sup | 0 | ORIF: 1 (4.5%) PIN neuropraxia | ORIF: 2 (9.1%) | ORIF: 2 (9.1%) -Revision nonunion -Symptomatic implant |
Uygur 2021 [41] | IMN: 3 (3.9%) | 0 (0%) | 2 (2.6%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (1.3%) | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Pavone 2021 [11] | ORIF: 9 (64%) | 0 | ORIF: 3 (21%) | ORIF: 1 (7%) sup | 0 | ORIF: 5 (35%) persistent pain | 0 | 0 |
Kale 2021 [19] | 4 (13%) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 PIN palsy (3%) 3 swelling (10%) | 0 | 0 |
Blažević 2021 [18] | 3 (14%) | 1(4%) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 RNP (4%) 1 EPL rupture (4%) | 0 | 1 revision nonunion 1 EPL reconstruction |
Aggregate values | ORIF: 41 (14.9%) IMN: 128 (16.7%) Hybrid: 7 (6.3%) | ORIF: 8 (2.9%) IMN: 17 (2.2%) Hybrid: 2 (1.8%) | ORIF: 3 (1%) IMN: 27 (3.5%) Hybrid: 0 | ORIF:16 (5.8%) IMN: 24 (3.1%) Hybrid: 1 (0.9%) | ORIF: 1 (0.36%) IMN: complete 8 (1%) Incomplete: 5 (0.65%) Hybrid: 0 | Mechanical IMN: 11 (1.4%) Malunion IMN: 4 (0.52%) Hybrid: 2 (1.8%) Tendon injury IMN: 11 (1.4%) Nerve injury ORIF: 3 (1%) IMN: 8 (1%) | ORIF: 21 (7.6%) IMN: 84 (10.9%) Hybrid: 2 (1.8%) | ORIF: 7 (1.8%) IMN: 20 (2.6%) Hybrid: 2 (1.8%) |