Official Journal of the Italian Society of Orthopaedics and Traumatology
Table 5 Reported complications
Trauma fracture fixation | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Study | Study design | Level of evidence | Quality of evidence (GRADE) | Number of patients* | Age** | Gender | Anatomic region of the plate | Indication | Follow-up (in months) | Complications |
Dey Hazra [30] | RCS | III | Moderate | 65 (30 CF) | 61 | 22/30 female | Proximal humerus | Proximal humeral fracture | 32 | Structural complication [CF (n = 1) versus titanium (n = 1)]; Soft tissue complication [CF (n = 2) versus titanium (n = 0)]; humeral head necrosis [CF (n = 0) versus titanium (n = 3)] |
Katthagen [26] | PCS | III | Low | 42 (21 CF) | 67 | 14 out of 21 female | Proximal humerus | Proximal humeral fracture | 12 | Soft tissue complications [CF (n = 4) versus titanium n = 0)] |
Kimmeyer [31] | RCS | III | Low | 98 | 66 | 74 out of 98 female | Proximal humerus | Proximal humeral fracture | 28 | Avascular necrosis (n = 12); head shaft malreduction (n = 12); soft tissue complications (n = 7); structural complications (n = 5); tuberosity malreduction (n = 5); malreduction of the fracture (n = 3); tuberosity resorption/dislocation (n = 2); secondary glenohumeral osteoarthritis (n = 2); infection (n = 1) |
Padolino [27] | RCS | III | Low | 42 (21 CF) | 57 | 12 out of 21 female | Proximal humerus | Proximal humeral fracture | 31 | Structural complication [CF (n = 2) versus titanium (n = 0)]; humeral head necrosis [CF (n = 1) versus titanium (n = 1)]; tuberosity resorption [> 50%; CF (n = 3) versus titanium (n = 9)]; varus/valgus malalignment [CF (n = 2) versus titanium (n = 0)] |
Rotini [16] | PCaS | III | Low | 160 | 64 | s1 19 out of 160 female | Proximal humerus | Proximal humeral fracture | 24 | Structural complication (n = 15); soft tissue complication (n = 39); humeral head necrosis (n = 13); reduction loss/tuberosity dislocation (n = 7); nonunion (n = 2) |
Schliemann [28] | RCS | III | Low | 58 (29 CF) | 66 | 22 out of 29 female | Proximal humerus | Proximal humeral fracture | 24 | Humeral head necrosis [CF (n = 1) versus metal (n = 3)]; varus malalignment [CF (n = 4) versus metal (n = 7)] |
Ziegler [29] | RCT | II | Moderate | 63 (32 CF) | 62 | 26 out of 32 female | Proximal humerus | Proximal humeral fracture | 6 | None |
Allemann [32] | RCaS | IV | Low | 10 | 53 | 4 out of 10 female | Distal radius | Distal radius fracture | 12 | None |
Behrendt [33] | PCS | III | Low | 26 (14 CF) | 57 | 11 out of 14 female | Distal radius | Distal radius fracture | 2 | None |
Berger-Groch [37] | RCT | II | Moderate | 31 (16 CF) | 59 | 10 out of 16 female | Distal radius | Distal radius fracture | 36 | Soft tissue complications [CF (n = 1) versus titanium (n = 2)] |
Di Maggio [34] | RCaS | IV | Low | 64 | 57 | 38 out of 64 female | Distal radius | Distal radius fracture | 12 | None |
Paracuollo [35] | RCaS | IV | Low | 40 | 62 | 22 out of 40 female | Distal radius | Distal radius fracture | 12 | None |
Perugia [36] | RCT | II | Moderate | 30 (15 CF) | 57 | 10 out of 15 female | Distal radius | Distal radius fracture | 16 | None |
Tarallo [10] | RCaS | IV | Low | 110 | 58 | 77 out of 110 female | Distal radius | Distal radius fracture | 48 | Structural complication (n = 5); soft tissue complication (n = 3); infection (n = 1) |
Guzzini [38] | PCaS | III | Low | 22 | 51 | 14 out of 22 female | Distal radius | Distal radius fracture | 12 | Soft tissue complication (n = 1) |
Baker [39] | RCaS | IV | Low | 12 | 78 | Not reported | Proximal femur | THA periprosthetic fracture | Not reported | Nonunion (n = 1) |
Byun [40] | RCS | III | Low | 31 (10 CF) | 50 | 3 out of 10 female | Distal femur | Distal femur fracture | 6 | None |
Mellon [41] | CR | IV | Very low | 1 | 64 | 1 out of 1 female | Distal femur | Distal femur fracture | 1 | Structural complication (n = 1) |
Mitchell [42] | RCS | III | Low | 22 (11 CF) | 72 | 8 out of 11 female | Distal femur | Distal femur fracture | 12 | Structural complications [CF (n = 0) versus stainless steel (n = 4)]; nonunion [CF (n = 1) versus stainless steel (n = 4)] |
Caforio [43] | PCaS | IV | Low | 27 | 57 | 13 out of 27 female | Distal fibula + distal tibia | Ankle fracture | 4 | Soft tissue complication (n = 1) |
Guzzini [44] | PCS | III | Low | 87 (47 CF) | 57 | 32 out of 46 female | Distal fibula + distal tibia | Ankle fracture | 24 | Infection [CF (n = 3) versus stainless steel (n = 4)] |
Pinter [45] | RCaS | IV | Low | 30 | 47 | 18 out of 30 female | Distal fibula | Unstable lateral malleolus fracture | 20 | Soft tissue complication (n = 1); infection (n = 1); nonunion (n = 1) |
(Impending) pathological fracture fixation | ||||||||||
Laux [46] | CR | IV | Very low | 2 | 77 | 2 out of 2 male | Humerus and tibia | Pathological fracture and prophylactic plate after curettage | 6 and 8 | None |
Zoccali [50] | CR | IV | Very low | 1 | 3 | 1 out of 1 female | Femur | Plate fixation after reconstruction | 12 | None |
Yeung [49] | CR | IV | Very low | 2 | 60 | 2 out of 2 female | Femur | Plate fixation after reconstruction | 12 and 15 | None |
Rijs [47] | RCaS | IV | Low | 96 | 43 | 59 out of 96 female | Femur (n = 67), tibia (n = 14), humerus (n = 13) and radius (n = 2) | (Impending) pathological fractures and plate fixation after reconstructions | 35 | Structural complication (n = 7); infection (n = 4); soft tissue complication (n = 1); tumour progression (n = 5); aseptic loosening (n = 1); nonunion (n = 2); angular deformation (n = 2) |
Barnds [48] | CR | IV | Very low | 1 | 9 | 1 out of 1 male | Tibia | Plate fixation after reconstruction | 3 | Structural complication (n = 1) |