Official Journal of the Italian Society of Orthopaedics and Traumatology
Table 3 Risk of Bias in Nonrandomized Studies of Intervention (ROBINS-I) tool for non-RCTs
Study | Confounding | Selection of participants | Classification of interventions | Deviation from intended interventions | Missing data | Measurements of outcomes | Selection of reported results | Overall |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Baker et al. [39] | NI | Low | Moderate | Low | Low | Moderate | Low | Moderate |
Rotini et al. [16] | NI | Low | Moderate | Low | Moderate | Moderate | Low | Moderate |
Maggio et al. [34] | NI | Low | Moderate | Low | Moderate | Moderate | Low | Moderate |
Pinter et al. [45] | Moderate | Low | Moderate | Low | Moderate | Moderate | Low | Moderate |
Allemann et al. [32] | NI | Moderate | Moderate | Low | Low | Moderate | Low | Moderate |
Tarallo et al. [10] | NI | Low | Moderate | Low | Moderate | Moderate | Low | Moderate |
Guzzini et al. [38] | NI | Moderate | Moderate | Low | Moderate | Moderate | Low | Moderate |
Paracuollo et al. [35] | NI | Low | Moderate | Low | Low | Moderate | Low | Moderate |
Caforio et al. [43] | NI | Moderate | Low | Low | Low | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate |
Rijs et al. [47] | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Low | Low | Moderate | Low | Moderate |
Schliemann et al. [28] | NI | Moderate | Moderate | Low | Low | Moderate | Low | Moderate |
Guzzini et al. [44] | NI | Low | Low | Low | Moderate | Low | Low | Moderate |
Katthagen et al. [26] | NI | Moderate | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Moderate |
Mitchell et al. [42] | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Low | Low | Low | Low | Moderate |
Padolino et al. [27] | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Low | Low | Low | Low | Moderate |
Byun et al. [40] | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Low | Low | Low | Low | Moderate |
Hazra et al. [30] | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Low | Low | Low | Low | Moderate |
Behrendt et al. [33] | Moderate | Moderate | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Moderate |
Kimmeyer et al. [31] | Moderate | Low | Moderate | Low | Moderate | Moderate | Low | Moderate |