Load-induced increase in muscle activity during 30° abduction in patients with rotator cuff tears and control subjects

Croci, Eleonora; Warmuth, Fabian; Baum, Cornelia; Kovacs, Balazs Krisztian; Nüesch, Corina; Baumgartner, Daniel; Müller, Andreas Marc; Mündermann, Annegret

doi:10.1186/s10195-023-00720-8

Journal of Orthopaedics and Traumatology

Official Journal of the Italian Society of Orthopaedics and Traumatology

Table 1 Effects load and shoulder types of linear mixed models on the log-transformed muscle activities

From: Load-induced increase in muscle activity during 30° abduction in patients with rotator cuff tears and control subjects

Predictors	Anterior deltoid	Middle deltoid	Posterior deltoid	Infraspinatus	Biceps brachii	Latissimus dorsi	Pectoralis major	Upper trapezius
Intercept
Estimates	0.76	0.72	0.54	0.90	0.61	0.66	0.56	0.97
CI	[0.70–0.83]	[0.65–0.79]	[0.46–0.63]	[0.83–0.96]	[0.51–0.70]	[0.58–0.75]	[0.48–0.64]	[0.90–1.04]
P-values	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001
Load
Estimates	0.12	0.10	0.09	0.10	0.12	0.02	0.09	0.09
CI	[0.11 to 0.12]	[0.10 to 0.11]	[0.08 to 0.36]	[0.09 to 0.11]	[0.11 to 0.14]	[0.01 to 0.02]	[0.08 to 0.10]	[0.08 to 0.10]
P	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001
RC tendinopathy
Estimates	0.19	0.20	0.22	0.17	0.24	0.33	0.25	0.20
CI	[0.08 to 0.29]	[0.08 to 0.31]	[0.08 to 0.36]	[0.07 to 0.28]	[0.07 to 0.40]	[0.18 to 0.48]	[0.12 to 0.38]	[0.09 to 0.32]
P-values	< 0.001	0.001	0.002	0.002	0.006	< 0.001	< 0.001	0.001
Asymptomatic RCT
Estimates	0.31	0.26	0.31	0.26	0.30	0.36	0.13	0.26
CI	[0.21 to 0.40]	[0.16 to 0.37]	[0.18 to 0.43]	[0.16 to 0.35]	[0.16 to 0.44]	[0.22 to 0.49]	[0.01 to 0.25]	[0.16 to 0.36]
P-values	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001	0.031	< 0.001
Symptomatic RCT
Estimates	0.44	0.41	0.52	0.31	0.42	0.38	0.37	0.30
CI	[0.33 to 0.54]	[0.30 to 0.53]	[0.38 to 0.66]	[0.20 to 0.42]	[0.26 to 0.58]	[0.23 to 0.54]	[0.23 to 0.50]	[0.19 to 0.41]
P-values	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001
Load × RC tendinopathy
Estimates	−0.02	−0.02	−0.01	−0.02	−0.00	−0.01	−0.01	−0.01
CI	[−0.04 to −0.01]	[−0.03 to 0.00]	[−0.02 to 0.01]	[−0.03 to −0.00]	[−0.02 to 0.02]	[−0.02 to −0.00]	[−0.03 to 0.00]	[−0.02 to 0.00]
P-values	< 0.001	0.011	0.252	< 0.001	0.985	0.011	0.135	0.068
Load × asymptomatic RCT
Estimates	−0.02	0.01	0.01	−0.00	0.02	0.01	−0.01	−0.01
CI	[−0.03 to −0.01]	[−0.01 to 0.01]	[−0.01 to 0.02]	[−0.01 to 0.01]	[−0.00 to 0.04]	[−0.00 to 0.01]	[−0.03 to 0.00]	[−0.02 to −0.00]
P-values	0.003	0.600	0.266	0.447	0.060	0.171	0.139	0.027
Load × symptomatic RCT
Estimates	−0.02	−0.01	0.01	0.00	−0.01	0.00	−0.01	−0.00
CI	[−0.03 to −0.01]	[−0.02 to −0.01]	[−0.02 to 0.02]	[−0.01 to 0.01]	[−0.03 to 0.01]	[−0.01 to 0.01]	[−0.03 to 0.01]	[−0.02 to 0.01]
P-values	0.006	0.350	0.317	0.759	0.237	0.571	0.291	0.633

Bold values indicate significant differences (P < 0.05)
RC rotator cuff, RCT rotator cuff tear, CI confidence interval

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