Skip to main content

Official Journal of the Italian Society of Orthopaedics and Traumatology

Table 1 Main key points in different coronal alignments philosophies

From: Coronal alignment in total knee arthroplasty: a review

 

Mechanical alignment (MA)

Anatomic alignment (AA)

Kinematic alignment (KA)

Inverse kinematic alignment (iKA)

Restricted kinematic alignment (iKA)

Adjusted mechanical alignment (aMA)

Functional alignment (FA)

Distal femoral cuts

90°

93°

Femoral resurfacing

According to extension gap

90 ± 5°

90 ± 2°

According to extension gap(± 3°)

Proximal tibial cuts

90°

87°

According to extension gap

Tibial resurfacing restricted to 84° (varus) to 92° (valgus)

90 ± 5°

90°

According to extension gap (± 3°)

Femur external rotation to PCA

Femoral resurfacing

According to flexion gap

According to flexion gap

According to flexion gap

Overall alignment (HKA)

Native alignment

Slight undercorrection safe zone +6° varus to −3° valgus

Slight undercorrection safe zone +6° varus to −3° valgus

Slight undercorrection

Slight undercorrection

Ligament release

Yes

Yes

No

Minimal

Minimal

Minimal

Minimal

Type

Systematic

Systematic

Patient specific

Hybrid

Hybrid

Hybrid

Hybrid