Official Journal of the Italian Society of Orthopaedics and Traumatology
From: Coronal alignment in total knee arthroplasty: a review
Mechanical alignment (MA) | Anatomic alignment (AA) | Kinematic alignment (KA) | Inverse kinematic alignment (iKA) | Restricted kinematic alignment (iKA) | Adjusted mechanical alignment (aMA) | Functional alignment (FA) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Distal femoral cuts | 90° | 93° | Femoral resurfacing | According to extension gap | 90 ± 5° | 90 ± 2° | According to extension gap(± 3°) |
Proximal tibial cuts | 90° | 87° | According to extension gap | Tibial resurfacing restricted to 84° (varus) to 92° (valgus) | 90 ± 5° | 90° | According to extension gap (± 3°) |
Femur external rotation to PCA | 3° | 0° | Femoral resurfacing | According to flexion gap | According to flexion gap | 3° | According to flexion gap |
Overall alignment (HKA) | 0° | 0° | Native alignment | Slight undercorrection safe zone +6° varus to −3° valgus | Slight undercorrection safe zone +6° varus to −3° valgus | Slight undercorrection | Slight undercorrection |
Ligament release | Yes | Yes | No | Minimal | Minimal | Minimal | Minimal |
Type | Systematic | Systematic | Patient specific | Hybrid | Hybrid | Hybrid | Hybrid |