Official Journal of the Italian Society of Orthopaedics and Traumatology
Table 4 Main findings of studies included in meta-analysis
From: Efficacy and safety of robotic spine surgery: systematic review and meta-analysis
Patient (studies) | Surgical events (events/total) | Risk ratio/mean difference (95% CI) | Overall certainty of evidence | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Freehand | Robot | ||||
Accuracy of pedicle screw placementa | |||||
Grade A (maximum accuracy) | 3477 (9 RCTs) | 1515/1779 | 1566/1698 | RR 1.06 (1.01–1.11) p = 0.02 (I2 = 87%) | Very low |
Grades A + B, safety zone | 3477 (9 RCTs) | 1706/1779 | 1665/1698 | RR 1.06 (1.01–1.11) p = 0.14 (I2 = 81%) | Very low |
Proximal facet violation | 1716 (3 RCTs) | 26/896 | 0/820 | RR 0.07 (0.01–0.40) p = 0.003 (I2 = 0% | Low |
Intra-operative blood loss (ml) | 394 (3 RCTs) | 199 | 195 | MD −68.12 (−109.24 to 27.01) p = 0.001 (I2 = 34)% | Very low |
Radiation dose (standard mean difference)b | 402 (4 RCTs) | 203 | 199 | MD −1.31 (−2.02 to −0.60) p = 0.0003 (I2 = 87%) | Very low |
Fluoroscopic time (min) | 262 (2 RCTS) | 50 | 58 | MD −3.00 (−28.01 to 22.00) p = 0.81 (I2 = 93%) | Very low |
Total screw placement time (min) | 108 (2 RCTs) | 50 | 58 | MD 0.84 (−10.93 to 12.61) p = 0.89 (I2 = 89%) | Very low |
Operating time (min) | 492 (5 RCTs) | 247 | 245 | MD 6.45 (−13.59 to 26.49) p = 0.53 (I2 = 74%) | Low |
Length of hospital stay (days) | 374 (3 RCTs) | 189 | 185 | MD −0.36 (−1.03 to 0.31) p = 0.30 (I2 = 62%) | Very low |