Table 1 Patient characteristics

Patients n

3 (1 male, 2 females)

Average age (years)

42.6 (range 30–52)

Curve etiology

Iatrogenic in 2 cases, congenital in 1 case

S-DAR

28.4 ± 3.3

Deformity apex level

T12 in 2 cases, T11 in 1cases

Screw insertion technique

Patient-specific guides in 2 cases (iatrogenic deformities) and the freehand technique in 1 case

Average fused levels

13.3 ± 0.6

Average pedicle screws implanted

22 ± 1.7

Screw density

0.96 ± 0.02

Level of the osteotomies

T8 and T12 in 2 cases, T11 and T7 in 1 case

Average surgical time (min)

305 ± 56

Average blood loss (mL)

1982 ± 976

Average length of stay (days)

9.7 ± 3.1

Average follow-up (months)

28.7 ± 2.5