Table 2 Perioperative outcomes of surgery

Operative time (min)

31.1 ± 0.5 (30, 31)

59.8 ± 6.6 (54, 65)

< 0.001^*

Length of stay (days)

1.5 ± 0.8 (1, 2)

2.5 ± 0.8 (2, 3)

< 0.001^*

Length of incision (cm)

2.4 ± 0.5 (2.0, 2.7)

5.4 ± 0.9 (4.7, 6.1)

< 0.001^*

VAS

 Before surgery

7.0 ± 0.8 (7, 8)

7.0 ± 0.8 (7, 8)

0.86

 1st day

4.8 ± 0.8 (4, 5)

5.0 ± 0.8 (5, 6)

0.39

 2nd day

2.8 ± 0.8 (2, 3)

3.0 ± 0.8 (2, 4)

0.38

 3rd day

2.5 ± 0.7 (2, 3)

2.8 ± 0.6 (3, 3)

0.18