Official Journal of the Italian Society of Orthopaedics and Traumatology
Table 4 Results of proprioception per included study: joint position sense
From: Remnant preservation may improve proprioception after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction
First author | Test mode (°/s) | Direction (°) | JPS ACLR-S (°) | JPS ACLR-R (°) | P value | Measured knee for JPS | JPS measured times | JPS recorded value | Balance or postural control tests | Physical examination | Patient-reported outcomes | Proprioception outcome measurements | Eye shades/earplugs | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Hong et al. [16] | RPP (5) | 90–15 extension | 3.9 ± 2.2 | 3.6 ± 1.8 | 0.739 Mann–Whitney U test | Reconstructed knee | 3 | (Test angle − setting angle) × 3, mean value | NR | Lachman test Pivot-shift test Laxity—KT-1000 max force in 30° flexion | Lysholm IKDC | Biodex | √ | ||
Andonovski et al. [5] | RAP | 90 extension | Before surgery 1.8 ± 0.78 after surgery 1.3 ± 0.97 | Before surgery 1.5 ± 0.96 after surgery 0.5 ± 0.53 |  < 0.05 | Reconstructed and healthy knee | 3 | (Test angle − setting angle) × 3, average value, involved knee – normal knee | NR | Side to side—Rolimeter in 20° and 90° of knee flexion (P < 0.0001) | NR | Biodex System 4 Pro | NR | ||
Chen et al. [10] | RPP | Maximum extension between 0, 30, and 45 |  | 3, 6, 12 months after surgery |  | 3, 6, 12 months after surgery |  < 0.05 | Reconstructed knee | 5 | (Test angle − setting angle) × 5, mean value | NR | Lachman test Anterior drawer test | Lysholm (P < 0.05) Tegner (P < 0.05) | NR | NR |
0° | 3.52 ± 0.88/3.27 ± 0.92/3.15 ± 0.68 | 0° | 2.13 ± 0.49/2.06 ± 0.74/2.02 ± 0.48 | ||||||||||||
30° | 5.84 ± 1.23/4.87 ± 1.02/4.26 ± 0.65 | 30° | 3.43 ± 0.85/2.47 ± 0.66/2.55 ± 0.51 | ||||||||||||
45° | 6.78 ± 1.35/4.98 ± 1.46/4.52 ± 0.77 | 45° | |||||||||||||
3.52 ± 0.72/3.01 ± 0.91/2.84 ± 0.63 | |||||||||||||||
Lee et al. [25] | RPP | Flexion between 15, 30, and 45 | 15° | 1.36 ± 1.04° | 15° | 0.69 ± 0.56° | 0.040 Mann–Whitney U test | Reconstructed and healthy knee | 5 | (Test angle − setting angle) × 5, mean value | One-leg hop test (P < 0.05) Single-limb standing (P < 0.05) | Lachman test Laxity—KT-2000 | IKDC HSS | Thomas splint and a Pearson attachment | √ (TTDPM) |
30° | 1.34 ± 0.84° | 30° | 0.43 ± 0.37° | 0.010 | |||||||||||
45° | 1.72 ± 1.01° | 45° | 0.75 ± 0.52° | 0.056 | |||||||||||