Official Journal of the Italian Society of Orthopaedics and Traumatology
Table 3 Surgical characteristics of included studies
From: Remnant preservation may improve proprioception after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction
First author | ACL tear pattern | Associated injury, n (S/R) | Remnant | No. of bundles | Graft diameter, mm | Graft type | Surgical technique (S/R) | Tibial remnant management (S/R) | Complications | Rehabilitation (timing for partial/full weight-bearing after surgery, weeks) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Medial meniscus injury | Lateral meniscus injury | Both meniscus injury | MCL injury | |||||||||||
Femoral tunnel | Tibial tunnel | |||||||||||||
Hong et al. [16] | Complete ACL knee injury | 14/18 | 11/16 | NR | 4/2 | Tibial insertion of the ACL remnant was intact and could be pulled to reach the femoral ACL insertion; the remnant diameter was more than half of the native ACL | Single | 8–9 | Allogeneic tibialis anterior or hamstring | AM portal | The center of the ACL remnant footprint | Removal/tensioning | Cyclops lesion formation (n = 3) | 4/6 |
Andonovski et al. [5] | Partial or complete ACL rupture | 28 | 11 | 4 | NR | Residual remnant from the torn ACL has continuous ligament fibers down to the tibia and above to the wall of the intercondylar notch or to the posterior cruciate ligament; the remnant diameter was greater than one-third that of normal ACL | Single | NR | Autologous hamstring | AM or AAM portal | Middle of the remnant attachment/anteromedial or posterolateral to the remnant | Removal/sparing | NR | NR |
Chen et al. [10] | Unspecified | NR | Retention of about 1 cm of fiber at the ligament tibial endpoint | Single | 8–9 | Allograft | AM portal | The center of the original ACL tibial stump | Removal/sparing and retention of about 1 cm of fiber at the tibial insertion | None | 5/12 | |||
Lee et al. [25] | Unspecified | 6/5 | 10/13 | 3/4 | NR | ACL remnant of more than 7 mm (approximately 20% of the mean length of the normal ACL) in the remnant preservation group, while less than 7 mm in the remnant removal group | Single | 7 or 8 | Autologous hamstring | Outside-in | The center of the remaining ACL footprint | Removal/sparing | NR | 2/6 |