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Official Journal of the Italian Society of Orthopaedics and Traumatology

Table 1 Description of possible combinations of forearm fracture–dislocation patterns. Each lesion is described based on the anatomical structures involved in each type of forearm fracture–dislocation

From: Fracture–dislocations of the forearm joint: a systematic review of the literature and a comprehensive locker-based classification system

Types

1 (PRUJ)

2 (MRUJ)

3 (DRUJ)

Notes

PRUJ dislocation

IOM rupture

Ulnar fracture

Radial fracture

DRUJ dislocation

Two-locker injuries

 1.2I

×

×

   

Isolated radial head fracture

 1.2IU

×

×

×

  

Monteggia fracture dislocation

 1.2IR

×

×

 

×

  

 1.2IRU

×

×

×

×

  

 2I.3

 

×

  

×

Isolated dislocation of ulnar head

 2IR.3

 

×

 

×

×

Galeazzi injury

 2IU.3

 

×

×

 

×

Never described in literature

 2IRU.3

 

×

×

×

×

 

 1.3

×

   

×

Leung crisscross injury

Three-locker injuries

 1.2I.3

×

×

  

×

Essex-Lopresti injury

 1.2IRU.3

×

×

×

×

×

 

 1.2IR.3

×

×

 

×

×

 

 1.2IU.3

×

×

×

 

×

 
  1. 1 proximal locker, 2 middle locker, 3 distal locker, I interosseous membrane, U ulnar fracture, R radial fracture, PRUJ proximal radioulnar joint, IOM interosseous membrane, DRUJ distal radioulnar joint