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Official Journal of the Italian Society of Orthopaedics and Traumatology

Table 1 Modified Gustilo–Anderson classification

From: Retrospective analysis of risk factors for deep infection in lower limb Gustilo–Anderson type III fractures

Type

I

II

IIIA

IIIB

IIIC

Wound size

≤ 1 cm

1–10 cm

About 5–10 cm

About 10 cm or longer

About 10 cm or longer

Soft-tissue damage

Minimal

Minimal

Minimal or moderate

Severe

Severe

Contamination

Clean

Clean or moderate

Clean or moderate

Moderate or severe

Moderate or severe

Wound closure

Primary suture

Primary suture

Primary suture

Soft-tissue coverage

Primary suture or soft-tissue coverage

Revascularization

Not needed

Not needed

Not needed

Not needed

Required