Table 6 Studies of pinning in situ using screws

Abu Amara [65]

NR

NR

NR

See physeal osteotomy

FAI diagnosis is based on radiological signs.

WOMAC (10)

HHS (86)

Alshryda [3]

NR

NR

NR

1 loss of fixation

Unstable and uncertain hips were excluded. See physeal osteotomy below

Aronson [44]

NR

27 excellent

12 good

2 fair

2 poor

2 loss of fixation

1 sub-trochanteric fracture

2 failed screw removals

6 acute and 37 chronic

27 mild, 8 moderate and 8 severe

See pinning using multiple fine wires

Blanco [45]

NR

NR

NR

2 metalware problems

1 reoperation

1 acute, 6 acute on chronic, 36 chronic

23 mild, 12 moderate, 8 severe

1 CRIF

See pinning using multiple fine wires

Carlioz [30]

NR

NR

31 good

10 fair

2 bad

3 failure

1 sub-trochanteric fracture

6 patients underwent reduction (1 AVN excluded)

Authors did not use “excellent” in outcomes

Dan Cosma [43]

NR

NR

3 metalware removal

One re-slip after metalware removal requiring fixation

4 patients with unstable slips were excluded

8 had excellent and good results (stable and unstable slips)

HHC

de Poorter [46]

NR

NR

5 THR

Long-term follow-up (18 years)

HOOS (71)

EQ5D score (0.83)

EQ5D (VAS) 79%

Escott [31]

NR

NR

NR

NR

15 excellent

39 good

8 fair

2 poor

Long-term follow-up (20 years)

HHS (84.9)

SF12 (50)

UCLA (7.3)

Gonzalez-Moran [47]

NR

NR

NR

1 wound infection

3 metalware problems

All received two weeks of skin longitudinal traction then pinning in situ without manipulation

22 cases had a single screw and 9 had 2 screws

11 acute, 6 acute on chronic and 14 chronic

1 preslip, 17 mild, 11 moderate and 2 severe

Guzzanti [23]

NR

NR

6 excellent

4 unstable slips were excluded from the analysis. 3 mild, 3 moderate and 0 severe

Authors used the modified AO cannulated screw (HIT-MEDICA, Rimini, Italy) had a distal segment with the original six threads reduced to three which were 9 mm long and 6.4 mm in diameter

Holmdahl [55]

NR

NR

NR

NR

3 unstable slips were excluded. Authors used Hansson pin

Herman [48]

NR

NR

11 excellent

0 good

0 fair

0 poor

No further slipping

4 acute, 11 acute on chronic, and 6 chronic

HHS (95 points)

Kenny [32]

NR

(31) 58% excellent

(19) 36% good

(2) 4% fair

(1) 2% poor

1 sub-trochanteric fracture

No further slipping

3 acute, 8 acute on chronic and 35 chronic

80% mild, 12% moderate and 2% severe

HHC

Koval [49]

NR

NR

1 growing off fixation

1 stress fracture of the femoral neck

12 acute, 1 acute on chronic, 67 chronic

55 mild, 19 moderate and 6 severe

3 CRIF (1AVN)

Lim [50]

8 excellent

2 good

2 fair

0 poor

1 failure

All underwent preoperative traction

All acute or acute on chronic

Severity: mean 30° (range 0°–60°)

Aadalen criteria

Novais [51]

3 excellent

1 good

1 fair

3 poor

7 failure

2 metalware problems

1 further slipping

All patients had stable severe slip revealed better deformity correction with the modified Dunn procedure compared with in situ pinning

HHC

Souder [52]

NR

NR

NR

NR

3 metalware problems

1 infection

1 further slipping

Ganz surgical dislocation

7 unstable cause 3 AVN excluded

Ward [53]

NR

NR

NR

1 HO

2 metalware problems

2 acute, 3 acute on chronic and 48 chronic

19 mild, 25 moderate and 9 severe

5 CRIF

Wensaas [54]

NR

NR

NR

No metalware problem reported

2 unstable slips were excluded

Authors used a modified Olmeda screw (De Puy)

Total (%)

NA

119 excellent

86 good

19 fair

10 poor

11 failure

AVN rate 1.4% (10/714)

CL rate 2.0% (12/590)

FAI 28.9% (36/121)

OA 3.1% (6/195)