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Official Journal of the Italian Society of Orthopaedics and Traumatology

Table 1 Synoptic table of the results

From: Pelvic posture and kinematics in femoroacetabular impingement: a systematic review

Field of investigation

Subfield of investigation

Study

Methods

Main findings

Main limitations

Pelvic posture

Pelvic incidence

Gebhart et al. [24]

Photography and manual goniometry

PI is lower in cam- and pincer-FAI than in normal hips

Only male cadaveric specimens; poor diagnostic criteria for pincer-FAI

Hellman et al. [25]

Radiology

Symptomatic pincer and combined FAI have lower PI than healthy hips and pure cam-FAI

Historical healthy controls

Weinberg et al. [22]

Radiology

Mixed-FAI have lower PI than controls

Retrospective CT review, without most clinical information

Pelvic posture in acetabular dysplasia with cam deformity

Ida et al. [28]

Radiology

The presence of cam deformity increases the forward PT among dysplastic hips (only in upright position)

PI not measured

Pelvic kinematics

Hip flexion without weight-bearing

Van Houcke et al. [29]

Motion capture analysis

Higher pelvic back tilt with supine hip flexion in cam-FAI patients compared to healthy controls (only with active motion)

Blinding and intra-/inter-rater reliability not mentioned

Walking and stair climbing

Kennedy et al. [30]

Motion capture analysis

Cam-FAI patients show less frontal pelvic ROM than healthy controls in level walking. No difference of axial and sagittal ROM

Blinding and power analysis not mentioned. No ROM exact values reported

Rylander et al. [31]

Motion capture analysis

Pincer- and mixed-FAI patients display higher pelvic forward tilt and axial ROM while climbing stairs than healthy controls, both before and after surgery. No difference in level walking

No physical or radiological examination of healthy controls. Blinding and intra-/inter-rater reliability not mentioned

Squat

Lamontagne et al. [32]

Motion capture analysis

Cam-FAI patients squat higher than control, with lower sagittal pelvic ROM and more pelvic forward tilt at maximum depth

Blinding and intra-/inter-rater reliability not mentioned

Lamontagne et al. [33]

Motion capture analysis

Cam-FAI patients squat lower after corrective surgery, but sagittal pelvic ROM is not improved

Blinding and intra-/inter-rater reliability not mentioned. No ROM exact values reported

Ng et al. [34]

Motion capture analysis

Low sagittal pelvic ROM is a crucial feature (along with α angle and neck-shaft angle) to determine symptoms in cam-FAI patients

–

Wilson et al. [21]

Motion capture analysis

FAI patients squat lower if knee separation is allowed

Exact FAI type not reported. Blinding and intra-/inter-rater reliability not mentioned

Bagwell et al. [23]

Motion capture analysis and force plate

Cam-FAI patients squat higher than controls but with less posterior PT, likely because the extensor moment is reduced. Reduced hip internal rotation

No blinding mentioned