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Official Journal of the Italian Society of Orthopaedics and Traumatology

Table 2 Associated factors

From: Factors predicting outcome in whiplash injury: a systematic meta-review of prognostic factors

Factors

The conclusion of evaluated systematic reviews [and citations]

Overall

Post-injury pain and disability, whiplash grades, cold hyperalgesia

A [15], A [17], A [18], A [19], A [21], A [22], A [23]

Associated

Post-injury anxiety

A [18], A [20]

Associated (based on outdated reviews)a

Catastrophizing

A [18], A [14], C [20]

Associated (based on outdated reviews)

Compensation and legal factors

A [16], A [18], L [23]

Associated

Early healthcare use

A [18], L [23]

Associated (based on outdated reviews)a

  1. A associated, L lack of evidence
  2. aSystematic reviews that were published 5 years ago or earlier are considered ‘outdated’