Table 2 Morphometric findings of the subaxial cervical spine of Arab adults (N = 99; 990 pedicles)

6.4 ± 0.9

(3.6–9.1)

6.6 ± 0.8

(3.8–9.1)

6.2 ± 0.9

(3.6–7.5)

0.003

5.1 ± 1.3

(1.8–7.7)

5.2 ± 1.2

(2.4–7.5)

4.9 ± 1.4

(1.8–7.7)

0.057

3.5 ± 1.0

(1.5–8.0)

3.6 ± 1.0

(1.9–8.0)

3.3 ± 1.0

(1.5–5.9)

0.037

2.8 ± 1.1

(0.6–7.2)

2.9 ± 1.0

(0.7–6.0)

2.6 ± 1.1

(0.6–7.2)

0.100

32.2 ± 2.4

(23.2–39.7)

32.5 ± 2.5

(26.6–39.7)

31.6 ± 2.2

(23.2–37.2)

0.017

18.0 ± 3.3

(11.2–36.8)

18.2 ± 3.5

(11.6–36.8)

17.6 ± 3.0

(11.2–28.6)

0.181

2.6 ± 0.6

(1.2–4.4)

2.7 ± 0.6

(1.2–4.4)

2.5 ± 0.5

(1.3–3.7)

0.027

2.3 ± 0.8

(0.8–5.3)

2.4 ± 0.8

(0.8–4.6)

2.2 ± 0.9

(0.9–5.3)

0.221

40.8 ± 3.4

(27.4–48.3)

40.8 ± 3.2

(32.7–48.3)

40.8 ± 3.8

(27.4–47.1)

0.910

24.6 ± 1.8

(12.7–32.1)

24.8 ± 1.6

(20.9–32.1)

24.2 ± 2.1

(12.7–28.3)

0.021

6.5 ± 1.0

(3.6–9.2)

6.7 ± 0.9

(3.7–9.2)

6.1 ± 1.0

(3.6–7.8)

<0.001

5.0 ± 1.3

(2.1–7.9)

5.0 ± 1.2

(2.3–7.9)

4.9 ± 1.4

(2.1–7.3)

0.334

3.4 ± 1.0

(1.6–7.9)

3.6 ± 1.0

(1.8–7.9)

3.1 ± 0.9

(1.6–5.2)

0.004

2.7 ± 1.0

(0.6–6.3)

2.8 ± 1.0

(0.7–6.1)

2.6 ± 1.0

(0.6–6.3)

0.118

32.3 ± 2.7

(22.8–41.0)

32.6 ± 2.6

(26.9–41.0)

31.8 ± 2.7

(22.8–38.2)

0.035

18.0 ± 3.6

(12.2–35.0)

18.1 ± 3.6

(12.2–34.9)

17.7 ± 3.7

(12.5–35.0)

0.462

2.7 ± 0.6

(1.2–4.4)

2.8 ± 0.7

(1.3–4.4)

2.5 ± 0.5

(1.2–3.9)

0.004

2.5 ± 1.0

(1.2–6.7)

2.6 ± 1.0

(1.2–6.7)

2.4 ± 1.0

(1.2–5.2)

0.278

40.4 ± 3.8

(19.5–48.5)

40.5 ± 4.1

(19.5–48.5)

40.1 ± 3.4

(29.5–46.0)

0.515

25.1 ± 1.7

(11.7–30.3)

25.3 ± 1.5

(21.2–30.3)

24.7 ± 2.0

(11.7–28.7)

0.025

6.2 ± 1.0

(2.8–9.0)

6.5 ± 0.9

(2.8–9.0)

5.8 ± 1.0

(4.0–7.9)

<0.001

5.1 ± 1.2

(2.5–7.3)

5.2 ± 1.2

(3.1–7.3)

5.0 ± 1.2

(2.5–7.3)

0.191

3.3 ± 1.0

(1.2–7.5)

3.4 ± 1.0

(1.2–7.5)

3.1 ± 0.9

(1.4–5.1)

0.042

2.8 ± 0.9

(0.9–5.9)

2.9 ± 1.0

(1.1–5.9)

2.7 ± 0.9

(0.9–5.2)

0.080

33.0 ± 2.9

(21.2–41.1)

33.3 ± 2.9

(22.8–41.1)

32.4 ± 3.0

(21.2–38.3)

0.045

18.6 ± 3.6

(12.5–38.8)

18.8 ± 3.6

(12.5–38.8)

18.1 ± 3.6

(12.9–33.0)

0.201

2.6 ± 0.6

(1.2–5.1)

2.7 ± 0.7

(1.2–5.1)

2.5 ± 0.5

(1.2–3.3)

0.005

2.6 ± 1.2

(0.8–8.5)

2.7 ± 1.2

(1.2–8.5)

2.5 ± 1.1

(0.8–5.9)

0.152

40.1 ± 4.2

(17.5–51.8)

40.2 ± 4.3

(17.5–51.8)

39.9 ± 4.1

(26.3–48.0)

0.590

25.6 ± 1.9

(11.2–30.8)

25.9 ± 1.6

(21.5–30.8)

25.0 ± 2.2

(11.2–29.0)

0.004

6.3 ± 1.0

(3.1–8.4)

6.5 ± 0.9

(3.1–8.4)

5.9 ± 0.9

(3.6–7.3)

<0.001

5.2 ± 1.1

(2.9–7.7)

5.3 ± 1.1

(2.9–7.7)

5.0 ± 1.0

(3.1–7.2)

0.088

3.3 ± 0.9

(1.5–6.8)

3.5 ± 0.9

(1.6–6.8)

3.0 ± 0.9

(1.5–5.4)

<0.001

2.9 ± 0.9

(1.0–6.1)

3.0 ± 0.9

(1.0–6.1)

2.7 ± 0.8

(1.1–4.9)

0.035

33.5 ± 2.9

(22.9–40.2)

33.9 ± 2.9

(25.7–40.2)

32.8 ± 2.9

(22.9–38.2)

0.014

18.9 ± 3.6

(12.9–38.1)

19.1 ± 3.7

(12.9–38.1)

18.5 ± 3.4

(13.3–33.0)

0.286

2.6 ± 0.7

(1.2–4.6)

2.8 ± 0.7

(1.2–4.6)

2.4 ± 0.6

(1.2–4.0)

0.001

2.8 ± 1.2

(1.2–8.4)

2.9 ± 1.2

(1.2–8.4)

2.6 ± 1.1

(1.2–5.2)

0.145

39.2 ± 3.7

(22.5–47.5)

39.2 ± 3.8

(22.5–46.7)

39.2 ± 3.5

(27.4–47.5)

0.868

25.5 ± 1.9

(11.7–31.1)

25.8 ± 1.7

(21.3–31.1)

25.0 ± 2.2

(11.7–28.4)

0.007

6.6 ± 0.9

(3.2–9.0)

6.8 ± 0.8

(4.5–8.9)

6.2 ± 0.9

(3.2–9.0)

<0.001

5.8 ± 1.2

(3.1–9.0)

6.0 ± 1.2

(3.1–9.0)

5.4 ± 1.0

(3.7–7.6)

0.001

3.6 ± 0.9

(1.6–7.1)

3.8 ± 0.8

(2.1–7.1)

3.3 ± 0.9

(1.6–6.4)

<0.001

3.4 ± 0.9

(1.4–6.2)

3.6 ± 0.9

(2.1–6.2)

3.0 ± 0.7

(1.4–4.8)

<0.001

34.0 ± 3.3

(23.5–43.3)

34.5 ± 3.4

(23.5–43.3)

33.2 ± 3.0

(23.7–39.4)

0.012

19.1 ± 3.6

(12.3–41.1)

19.3 ± 3.7

(12.3–41.1)

18.6 ± 3.2

(13.3–32.0)

0.155

2.8 ± 0.7

(1.2–4.7)

2.9 ± 0.8

(1.2–4.7)

2.6 ± 0.5

(1.7–3.9)

0.006

2.4 ± 0.9

(0.9–5.7)

2.4 ± 0.9

(0.9–5.4)

2.3 ± 0.7

(0.9–4.6)

0.414

38.1 ± 3.5

(26.4–48.0)

38.1 ± 3.4

(27.5–46.2)

37.9 ± 3.5

(26.4–48.0)

0.679

25.1 ± 1.9

(11.9–30.7)

25.3 ± 1.6

(21.7–30.7)

24.8 ± 2.4

(11.9–29.1)

0.083