Achieving hip fracture surgery within 36 hours: an investigation of risk factors to surgical delay and recommendations for practice

Aqil, Adeel; Hossain, Fahad; Sheikh, Hassaan; Aderinto, Joseph; Whitwell, George; Kapoor, Harish

doi:10.1007/s10195-015-0387-2

Journal of Orthopaedics and Traumatology

Official Journal of the Italian Society of Orthopaedics and Traumatology

Table 2 Comparison of clinical data between subjects who did and those who did not have surgery within 36 h of hospital admission

From: Achieving hip fracture surgery within 36 hours: an investigation of risk factors to surgical delay and recommendations for practice

Variable	Time to surgery <36 h	Time to surgery >36 h	p value
Co-morbidities
Dementia	46 (8.6 %)	52 (6.3 %)	0.116^a
Hypertension	18 (3.4 %)	25 (3.0 %)	0.743
Diabetes mellitus	50 (9.3 %)	89 (10.8 %)	0.375
Ischaemic heart dis.	161 (30 %)	195 (23.6 %)	0.010^a
COPD/asthma	75 (14 %)	126 (15.3 %)	0.501
Neurological dis.	12 (2.2 %)	17 (2.1 %)	0.830
Stroke	25 (4.7 %)	24 (2.9 %)	0.092^a
Thyroid dis.	33 (6.1 %)	43 (5.2 %)	0.467
Malignancy	50 (9.3 %)	79 (9.6 %)	0.865
Alcoholism	18 (3.4 %)	25 (3.0 %)	0.743
Chest infection	66 (12.3 %)	97 (11.8 %)	0.773
Urinary tract infection	99 (18.4 %)	123 (14.9 %)	0.087^a
Myocardial infarction	22 (4.1 %)	17 (2.1 %)	0.028^a
Cardiac failure	16 (3.0 %)	23 (2.8 %)	0.839
Peripheral vascular dis.	6 (1.1 %)	13 (1.6 %)	0.638^b
Peptic ulcer dis.	4 (0.7 %)	5 (0.6 %)	0.745^b
Liver disease	4 (0.7 %)	3 (0.4 %)	0.444^b
Connective tissue dis.	0 (0 %)	1 (0.1 %)	1.0^b
Leukaemia	1 (0.2 %)	3 (0.4 %)	1.0^b
Anaemia	64 (11.9 %)	105 (12.7 %)	0.652
Chronic renal failure	41 (7.6 %)	79 (9.6 %)	0.214
Hyponatraemia	96 (17.9 %)	233 (28.2 %)	0.000^a
Anticoagulation therapy	7 (1.3 %)	18 (2.2 %)	0.303^b
Blood results on admission
HB	12.1 (6–17)	12.0 (7–19)	0.563
Platelet count	264 (43–843)	264 (43–938)	0.313
White cell count	10.3 (4–78)	10.3 (1–67)	0.754
Urea	7.4 (1–34)	7.2 (1–36)	0.950
Creatinine	93 (50–817)	92 (42–512)	0.949
Potassium (K+)	4.4 (2–7)	4.3 (3–7)	0.805
INR	1 (0.8–5.6)	1 (0.8–6.3)	0.540
APTT	29 (20–190)	29 (19–195)	0.450
ASA			0.685
1	52 (9.7 %)	68 (8.3 %)
2	135 (25.1 %)	226 (27.4 %)
3	282 (52.5 %)	420 (51.0 %)
4	68 (12.7 %)	109 (13.2 %)
5	0 (0 %)	1 (0.1 %)
Charlson score (median, range)	4 (0–8)	4 (0–9)	0.835

Results are displayed as median (range) for continuous data, and as n (%) of population for discrete data
Continuous data were analysed using an independent t-test, categorical data using chi-square/Fisher’s test and ordinal data using the Mann–Whitney–Wilcoxon test
Displayed blood results are serum values in mmol/l
INR international normalised ratio, APTT activated partial thromboplastin time
^aIncluded in multivariate analysis
^bFisher’s exact test used

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