Official Journal of the Italian Society of Orthopaedics and Traumatology
Table 3 Risk of bias assessment of non-randomized studies
Selection of participants | Confounding variables | Intervention measurement | Blinding of outcome assessment | Incomplete outcome data | Selective outcome reporting | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ahearn [31] | Low risk | High risk | Low risk | Unclear risk | High risk | Unclear risk |
Boston Mallik [29] Covall [26] | Low risk | High risk | Low risk | Unclear risk | High risk | Unclear risk |
Chertsey Guryel [34] Nawaz [33] | Low risk | High risk | Low risk | Unclear risk | Low risk | Unclear risk |
Chan [25] | Low risk | High risk | Low risk | Unclear risk | High risk | Unclear risk |
Jansen [5] | Unclear risk | High risk | Low risk | Unclear risk | Low risk | Unclear risk |
Krupp [28] | Low risk | High risk | Low risk | Unclear risk | High risk | Unclear risk |