Official Journal of the Italian Society of Orthopaedics and Traumatology
Table 3 Incidence rates of major complications, obtained from the collated results of different studies
From: Rigid intramedullary nail fixation of femoral fractures in adolescents: what evidence is available?
Implant | Total number of nails from different studies | Avascular necrosis (n, %) | Limb length discrepancy >2.0 cm (n, %) | Malunion >10° (n, %) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
First generation | ||||
 Küntscher nail | 138 | N/R | (8, 5.8 %) | N/R |
Second generation | ||||
 Grosse–Kempf nail | 22 | N/R | (2, 9 %) | N/R |
 Russell–Taylor femoral nail | 118 | (1, 0.85 %) | (2, 1.70 %) | N/R |
Third generation | ||||
 AO femoral nail | 77 | (1, 1.3 %) | (2, 2.6 %) | N/R |
 Solid Ti nail | 57 | (2, 2.6 %) | N/R | N/R |
 Zimmer titanium nail | 15 | N/R | N/R | N/R |
Current multiplanar nails | ||||
 ALFN | 22 | N/R | N/R | N/R |
 Sirus femoral nail | 22 | N/R | N/R | N/R |
 FIIN; Biomet | 58 | N/R | N/R | N/R |
Miscellaneous | ||||
 Humeral nail; Smith and Nephew | 95 | N/R | N/R | N/R |
 Humeral nail; AO | 24 | N/R | N/R | N/R |
 Street–Hansen | 4 | N/R | N/R | N/R |
 Russell–Taylor tibial nail | 9 | N/R | N/R | N/R |
 Implant not stated (Ramseier et al.) | 37 | N/R | (1, 2.7 %) | (1, 2.7 %) |
 Implant not stated (Stans et al.) | 13 | (1, 7.7 %) | N/R | N/R |