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Journal of Orthopaedics and Traumatology

Official Journal of the Italian Society of Orthopaedics and Traumatology

Table 6 Bone measurements at macroscopic and microscopic level

From: Effectiveness of synthetic hydroxyapatite versus Persian Gulf coral in an animal model of long bone defect reconstruction

Bone evaluation type

Median (min–max)

P a

Control (n = 6)

Coral (n = 6)

Hydroxyapatite (n = 6)

Macroscopic union*

1 (1–2)

2 (1–3)b

2 (2–3)c

0.00

Microscopic evaluation†

2 (1–5)

6 (5–7)d

6 (5–7)e

0.003

  1. Significant P values are presented in bold
  2. *Complete union (+3 score), presence of cartilage, soft tissue or cracks within the defect indicating possible unstable union (+1 or +2 score), complete instability at the defect site indicating nonunion (0 score)
  3. †Empty (0 score), fibrous tissue only (1 score), more fibrous tissue than fibrocartilage (2 score), more fibrocartilage than fibrous tissue (3 score), fibrocartilage only (4 score), more fibrocartilage than bone (5 score), more bone than fibrocartilage (6 score), bone only (7 score)
  4. aKruskal–Wallis nonparametric ANOVA
  5. bP = 0.005 (compared with control by Mann–Whitney U test)
  6. cP = 0.005 (compared with control by Mann–Whitney U test)
  7. dP = 0.001 (compared with control by Mann–Whitney U test)
  8. eP = 0.0 (compared with control by Mann–Whitney U test)
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