Table 5 Literature reports on treatments for hamstring avulsion and tendinopathy

Allay

[54]

25

18 patients acute hamstring avulsion, 7 patients chronic tears

92 % minimal or no pain, 96 % estimated their functional recovery to be greater than 75 % of the uninvolved limb, and 88 % felt their strength was greater than 75 % of the uninvolved limb. Subjects who were isokinetically tested more than 1 year after surgery averaged 98 % strength compared to the uninvolved limb

Folsom

[57]

26 (athletes)

21 patients acute hamstring avulsion, 5 patients chronic tears

76 % percent of their patients returned to sports.Overall, 96 % of athletes reported good leg control, and 80 % of athletes were pain free

Sarimo

[58]

41

Complete avulsions

At an average of 37 months 90 excellent results, 10 were good, 5 were moderate, and 7 were poor. Six of 7 poor results were in patients treated >3 months post injury

Wood

[59]

71

47 complete retracted tears, 16 complete and minimally retracted tears, 7 incomplete tears, 1 severe muscle-tendon rupture, 1 ischial tuberosity avulsion

At 2 years postoperatively 84 % strength. 80 % of patients returned to their previous sporting activities. There were statistically inferior hamstring strength and endurance results in patients with chronic retracted tears when compared to the remaining patients

Guanche

[61]

15

Acute hamstring avulsion (3 patients), partial hamstring avulsion (9 patients), ischial bursitis (3 patients)

One patient (with preoperative refractory ischial bursitis) had recurrent ischial pain, 2 patients complained of numbness over the posterior thigh with resolution of their symptoms by 6 weeks postoperatively