Table 3 Literature reports on treatments for external snapping of the hip, trochanteric bursa inflammation and gluteus medius diseases

Provencher

Open Z plasty

All patients had complete resolution of the snapping hip, 1 returned to full unrestricted activities but no residual snapping

White

Open vertical incision and multiple transverse cuts

14 asymptomatic patients after release (2 hips needed a second release)

Faraj

Open Z plasty

Good results, 3 had problems due to scar sensitivity

Fery

Open cross cut and inverted flap suture

30 % successful results, 30 % had a recurrence of symptoms and over 60 % continued to experience pain

Govaert

Open longitudinal release of the iliotibial band combined with excision of the trochanteric bursa

The mean difference between the pre- and postoperative Merle d’Aubigné and Postel scores was 11.7 points; 6 excellent results, 5 good and 1 poor. One screw removal for pain, one surgically drained hematoma

Ilizaliturri

Endoscopic diamond shape defect

1 residual nonpainful snapping, 10 excellent results

Wiese

Endoscopic bursectomies and in 4 coxa saltans suture of the iliotibial tract to the greater trochanter

32.5 points was the average Japanese orthopedic association score improvement; VAS improved from 7.2 to 3.8 points. Four patients developed hematoma

Baker

Endoscopic bursectomy

VAS improved from 7.2 to 3.1, mean Harris hip scores improved from 51 to 77 points, one seroma and one subsequent open bursectomy

Fox

Endoscopic bursectomy

60 (only for 22 patients)

24 good or excellent results without complications, 2 recurrences, 1 unsatisfied

Bradley

Endoscopic bursectomy

Immediate symptomatic improvement, returned to competitive basketball with occasional aching in his right hip

Farr

Endoscopic bursectomy and concomitant iliotibial band release under local anesthesia

All excellent results, no recurrence

Kandemir

Endoscopic excision of gluteus medius/minimus calcifications

Symptom-free without limitation of any activity, normal abduction strength

Voos

Endoscopic repair of gluteus medius/minimus tears

10 complete resolution of pain; no adverse complications. Seven of 10 patients said their hip was normal, and 3 said their hip was nearly normal

Davies

Open suture of torn abductors with soft-tissue anchors in the greater trochanter

4 re-ruptures, 1 deep infection. In the remaining 11 patients there were statistically significant improvements in VAS and Oxford hip score