Table 5 Patient-reported and clinical outcomes

At final follow-up

 Subjective shoulder value (0–100), median (IQR)

80 (70–91)

80 (60–90)

^D0.488

0.961

 VAS pain (0–10)), median (IQR)

1 (0–2)

1 (0–3)

^D0.615

0.961

 Constant score, mean (SD)

62 (17)

65 (23)

^B0.699

0.961

 ASES score, median (IQR)

82 (75–90)

82 (67–92)

^D0.790

0.961

 ADLIR score, median (IQR)

84 (78–88)

86 (77–95)

^D0.370

0.961

 ADLER score, median (IQR)

29 (28–30)

29 (21–30)

^D0.290

0.961

 Anterior elevation, median ° (IQR)

160 (134–170)

150 (115–160)

^D0.365

0.961

 Abduction, median ° (IQR)

150 (115–170)

140 (88–160)

^D0.564

0.961

 External rotation, median ° (IQR)

40 (20–49)

30 (20–45)

^D0.676

0.961

 External rotation in abduction, median ° (IQR)

75 (60–80)

70 (45–90)

^D0.961

0.961

 Internal rotation, median level reached (IQR)

L1 (L5-T12)

L4 (buttock-T12)

^D0.380

0.961

Improvement from preoperative to final follow-up

 Subjective shoulder value (0–100), mean Δ (SD)

44.6 (24.8)

31.0 (29.0)

^B0.197

0.961

 VAS pain (0–10), mean Δ (SD)

− 4.7 (3.2)

− 4.2 (2.2)

^B0.607

0.961

 Anterior elevation, mean Δ ° (SD)

38.4 (55.9)

29.0 (52.4)

^B0.578

0.961

 External rotation, mean Δ ° (SD)

21.1 (32.1)

2.9 (27.6)

^B0.070

0.961

 Internal rotation, mean Δ* (SD)

4.7 (5.3)

− 1.4 (5.3)

^B0.00220

0.0352