Official Journal of the Italian Society of Orthopaedics and Traumatology
Table 2 Risk of bias (ROBINS-I) for the case series
From: Retrograde drilling for ankle joint osteochondral lesions: a systematic review
Author, year, reference | Bias due to confounding | Bias in the selection of participants in the study | Bias in the classification of interventions | Bias due to deviation from the intended interventions | Bias due to missing data | Bias in the measurement of outcomes | Bias in the selection of the reported results | Overall |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Kono, 2006 [27] | L | L | L | L | M | L | L | L |
Kerimaa, 2014 [6] | M | C | L | L | M | L | M | M |
Schwartz, 2021 [12] | L | L | M | L | L | L | L | L |
Rosenberger, 2006 [13] | M | M | L | L | C | C | S | S |
Pritsch, 1986 [14] | M | M | L | L | S | M | C | S |
Beck, 2016 [28] | L | M | L | L | M | L | L | M |
Yasui, 2014 [15] | L | M | L | L | M | L | L | M |
Takao, 2010 [29] | L | L | L | L | L | L | L | L |
Ikuta, 2020 [16] | M | M | L | L | L | L | L | M |
Anders, 2012 [17] | L | L | L | L | L | L | L | L |
Masquijo, 2016 [18] | L | L | L | L | L | L | L | L |
Saxena, 2022 [7] | L | M | L | L | M | L | L | M |
Flick, 1985 [19] | L | L | M | L | L | M | L | M |
Angermann, 1989 [20] | M | S | M | L | M | M | S | S |
Taranow, 1999 [21] | L | C | L | L | C | L | L | C |
Kelbérine, 1999 [22] | L | C | L | L | M | M | L | S |
Bale, 2001 [23] | L | L | L | L | S | L | L | M |
Hyer, 2008 [24] | L | S | M | L | L | L | L | M |
Geerling, 2009 [25] | L | L | L | L | L | L | L | L |
Minokawa, 2020 [26] | L | L | L | L | L | L | L | L |
Faldini, 2022 [8] | L | M | M | L | C | L | C | C |