Table 1 Details of the 24 patients/33 hips included in this study

1

M, 50, tetraplegia, left hip

Class IV

Type 1a

2

Flexion 10, extension 0;

rotation: internal 5, external 5;

abduction 0, adduction 0

Flexion 70, extension 20;

rotation: internal 30, external 25;

abduction 25, adduction 15

15.1

8.9

2

2

M, 45, paraplegia, right hip

Class IV

Type 1a

8

Ankylosis

Flexion 50, extension 10;

rotation: internal 15, external 15;

abduction 20, adduction 15

12.7

12

–

3

M, 27, tetraplegia, right hip

Class IV

Type 1a

6

Flexion 20, extension 0;

rotation: internal 5, external 5;

abduction 10, adduction 0

Flexion 80, extension 10;

rotation: internal 30, external 25;

abduction 25, adduction 20

12.8

10.4

2

4

M, 63, tetraplegia, right hip

Class III

Type 1b

5

Flexion 30, extension 0;

rotation: internal 5, external 5;

abduction 10, adduction 5

Flexion 90, extension 10;

rotation: internal 30, external 30;

abduction 30, adduction 25

13.9

10.6

–

Left hip

Class III

Type 1b

4.5

Flexion 30, extension 0;

rotation: internal 5, external 5;

abduction 10, adduction 5

Flexion 90, extension 10;

rotation: internal 25, external 25;

abduction 30, adduction 25

13.9

10.8

–

5

M, 42, paraplegia, right hip

Class III

Type 2a

2

Flexion 40, extension 0;

rotation: internal 5, external 10;

abduction 0, adduction 0

Flexion 90, extension 20;

rotation: internal 15, external 25;

abduction 20, adduction 10

12

9.8

–

6

F, 46, paraplegia, left hip

Class IV

Type 2a

1

Ankylosis

Flexion 60, extension 20;

rotation: internal 10, external 15;

abduction 15, adduction 5

12

9.4

1

7

F, 44, tetraplegia, right hip

Class IV

Type 2b

1

Ankylosis

Flexion 80, extension 15;

rotation: internal 10, external 10;

abduction 10, adduction 5

13

11

–

8

M, 52, paraplegia, left hip

Class III

Type 2b

1.5

Flexion 30, extension 0;

rotation: internal 5, external 5;

abduction 0, adduction 0

Flexion 75, extension 15;

rotation: internal 15, external 25;

abduction 20, adduction 10

11

9.6

–

9

M, 45, tetraplegia, left hip

Class IV

Type 3a

5

Ankylosis

Flexion 80, extension 10

rotation: internal 30, external 30

abduction 30 adduction 20

13.9

9.4

4

Right hip

Class IV

Type 3a

4

Flexion 30, extension 0

rotation: internal 15, external 20

abduction 20 adduction 10

Flexion 80, extension 10

rotation: internal 30, external 30

abduction 30 adduction 25

14

9

3

10

F, 49, paraplegia, left hip

Class III

Type 3a

2.5

Flexion 30, extension 0

rotation: internal 5, external 5

abduction 10, adduction 0

Flexion 90, extension 20

rotation: internal 30, external 20

abduction 20, adduction 15

11.1

9.5

3

Right hip

Class III

Type 3a

2

Flexion 10, extension 0

rotation: internal 5, external 5

abduction 5, adduction 0

Flexion 80, extension 20

rotation: internal 25, external 20

abduction 20, adduction 15

15

9.8

3

11

M, 29, paraplegia, right hip

Class IV

Type 3a

1.5

Ankylosis

Flexion 90, extension 20

rotation: internal 30, external 30

abduction 30, adduction 20

13.5

7.5

2

12

M, 35, paraplegia, right hip

Class III

Type 3a

3.5

Flexion 40, extension 5

rotation: internal 10, external 10

abduction 5, adduction 0

Flexion 80, extension 15

rotation: internal 35, external 25

abduction 25, adduction 20

11.5

10.5

–

Left hip

Class III

Type 3a

3

Flexion 20, extension 5;

rotation: internal 10, external 10;

abduction 5, adduction 5

Flexion 90, extension 20;

rotation: internal 35, external 25;

abduction 30, adduction 25

11.6

10.2

–

13

F, 52, tetraplegia, right hip

Class III

Type 3b

4

Flexion 30, extension 0;

rotation: internal 5, external 5;

abduction 0, adduction 5

Flexion 100, extension 20;

rotation: internal 30, external 30;

abduction 30, adduction 25

14

12.5

–

14

M, 19, hemiplegia, right hip

Class III

Type 3b

2.5

Flexion 30, extension 30;

rotation: internal 5, external 5;

abduction 10, adduction 0

Flexion 55, extension 30;

rotation: internal 20, external 15;

abduction 15, adduction 10

15.2

11.8

2

15

M, 37, paraplegia, right hip

Class IV

Type 3b

1

Flexion 30, extension 30;

rotation: internal 0, external 0;

abduction 0, adduction 0

Flexion 30, extension 30;

rotation: internal 5, external 5;

abduction 5, adduction 5

14.3

8.4

4

Left hip

Class IV

Type 3b

1

Flexion 30, extension 30;

rotation: internal 0, external 0;

abduction 0, adduction 0

Flexion 30, extension 30;

rotation: internal 5, external 5;

abduction 5, adduction 5

14.6

9.2

3

16

F, 52, hemiplegia, left hip

Class III

Type 3b

1.5

Flexion 30, extension 0;

rotation: internal 5, external 5;

abduction 10, adduction 5

Flexion 80, extension 15;

rotation: internal 20, external 20;

abduction 20, adduction 10

10.9

10

–

17

F, 21, hemiplegia, left hip

Class III

Type 3b

1.5

Flexion 30, extension 0;

rotation: internal 10, external 15;

abduction 10, adduction 5

Flexion 90, extension 20;

rotation: internal 30, external 30;

abduction 30, adduction 20

11.5

10.5

–

18

M, 46, paraplegia, right hip

Class IV

Type 3b

4

Ankylosis

Flexion 50, extension 10;

rotation: internal 20, external 15;

abduction 15 adduction 5

12.4

11

1

Left hip

Class IV

Type 3b

3

Flexion 50, extension 0;

rotation: internal 10, external 5;

abduction 5 adduction 5

Flexion 70, extension 10;

rotation: internal 20, external 10;

abduction 15 adduction 10

12

9

1

19

F, 38, hemiplegia, left hip

Class III

Type 3b

2.5

Flexion 45, extension 0;

rotation: internal 10, external 15;

abduction 15, adduction 5

Flexion 90, extension 10;

rotation: internal 35, external 30;

abduction 30, adduction 20

12

7.6

2

Right hip

Class III

Type 3b

2.5

Flexion 80, extension 0;

rotation: internal 15, external 15;

abduction 15, adduction 15

Flexion 100, extension 10;

rotation: internal 35, external 30;

abduction 30, adduction 20

10.7

9.3

1

20

M, 42, paraplegia, right hip

Class IV

Type 3b

3.5

Flexion 20, extension 0;

rotation: internal 5, external 5;

abduction 10, adduction 10

Flexion 90, extension 20;

rotation: internal 30, external 25;

abduction 25, adduction 20

14.6

9.2

3

21

M, 30, paraplegia, right hip

Class IV

Type 4a

3.5

Ankylosis

Flexion 90, extension 20;

rotation: internal 35, external 30;

abduction 35, adduction 25

15.2

11.3

3

Left hip

Class IV

Type 4a

3

Flexion 40, extension 5;

rotation: internal 15, external 10;

abduction 20, adduction 15

Flexion 80, extension 20;

rotation: internal 30, external 30;

abduction 30, adduction 25

12.5

9.5

3

22

M, 30, paraplegia, right hip

Class III

Type 4a

3

Flexion 80, extension 0;

rotation: internal 10, external 15;

abduction 20, adduction 15

Flexion 100, extension 20;

rotation: internal 35, external 30;

abduction 40, adduction 25

14.1

9.9

2

23

M, 43, paraplegia, left hip

Class III

Type 4a

3

Flexion 30, extension 0;

rotation: internal 5, external 5;

abduction 5, adduction 0

Flexion 90, extension 20;

rotation: internal 25, external 25;

abduction 30, adduction 25

11.3

9.4

3

Right hip

Class III

Type 4a

2.5

Flexion 10, extension 0;

rotation: internal 5, external 5;

abduction 5, adduction 0

Flexion 90, extension 20;

rotation: internal 20, external 20;

abduction 20, adduction 20

13.5

7.5

3

24

M, 24, tetraplegia, left hip

Class IV

Type 4b

6

Flexion 10, extension 0;

rotation: internal 0, external 0;

abduction 0, adduction 0

Flexion 60, extension 10;

rotation: internal 20, external 15;

abduction 30, adduction 15

14.1

12.6

–

Summary (mean value, range)

Flexion 25 (0–80), extension 2.5 (0–30); rotation: internal 5.5 (0–15), external 6 (0–20); abduction 6 (0–20), adduction 3 (0–15)

Flexion 79 (30–100), extension 17 (10–30); rotation: internal 25 (5–35), external 23 (5–30); abduction 25 (5–40), adduction 17 (5–25)

13 (10.7–15.2)

9.9 (7.5–12.6)

1.5 (0–4)